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Updated: May 8, 2025
One of the longest clefts on the visible surface runs immediately W. of this formation. It is at least 300 miles in length, and varies much in width and character, consisting in places of distinct crater-rows. CRUGER. A regular ring-plain E. of Fontana, 30 miles in diameter, with a dark floor, without detail, and comparatively low bright walls.
There is a considerable ring-plain at the inner foot of the N.E. wall, but, except this and a few longitudinal ridges, just visible under a very low sun, there is apparently no other object to vary the monotony of this great expanse. This peculiarity, almost unique, renders the formation an especially interesting object.
On the rugged surface, between the ring-plain and the E. edge of the Oceanus Procellarum, lies a very interesting group of crossed clefts, some of which run from N.E. to S.W., and others from N.W. to S.E. Three of the latter proceed from different points in a coarse valley extending from W. to E., and cross the ridges just mentioned.
ENCKE. A regular ring-plain, 20 miles in diameter, with a comparatively low border, nowhere rising more than 1800 feet above the interior, which is depressed some 1000 feet below the surrounding Oceanus Procellarum. A lofty ridge traverses the floor from S. to N., bifurcating before it reaches the N. wall.
A ray from Kepler extends almost up to the W. wall of Reiner. MARIUS. A very noteworthy ring-plain, 27 miles in diameter, in the Oceanus Procellarum, E.N.E. of Kepler, with a bright border rising about 4000 feet above the interior, which is of an uneven tone.
On the N. side of this ring-plain are three conspicuous craters, the two nearer being equal in size and the third much smaller. SCHMIDT. A bright crater at the foot of the S. slope of Ritter. DIONYSIUS. This crater, 13 miles in diameter, is one of the brightest spots on the lunar surface. It stands on the E. border of the Mare, about 30 miles E.N.E. of Ritter.
At this time the whole region appears to be of a warm light brown or sepia tone. BERNOUILLI. A very deep ring-plain on the W. side of Geminus. Under evening illumination its lofty W. wall, which rises to a height of nearly 13,000 feet above the floor, is conspicuously brilliant. This formation exhibits a marked departure from the circular type, being bounded by rectilineal sides.
The only objects visible in the interior are a few low ridges on the E. side, and a number of long spurs running out from the wall on the N. towards the centre of the floor. Murchison A is named CHLADNI by Lohrmann. PALLAS. A fine ring-plain, about 32 miles in diameter, forming with Murchison an especially beautiful telescopic object under suitable illumination.
The interior is traversed by a number of longitudinal hills, and includes two bright little heights, drawn by Schmidt as craters. BABBAGE. A still larger enclosed area, adjoining South on the E., and containing a considerable ring-plain near its W. border. It is a fine telescopic object at sunrise, the interior being crossed by a number of transverse markings representing ridges.
BERZELIUS. A considerable ring-plain of regular form, with low walls and dark interior, on which there is a central peak, difficult to detect. FRANKLIN. A ring-plain, 33 miles in diameter, which displays a considerable departure from the circular type, as the border is in great part made up of rectilineal sections.
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