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Updated: September 20, 2025
Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and ourselves are deeply in debt to our intellectual, our spiritual, our aesthetic ancestors who were the molders of English history and English thought, the interpreters of English emotion, the masters of the developing English mores that became our mores, and have since continued evolution with a difference.
The printers organized nationally in 1850, the locomotive engineers and the hat-finishers in 1854; and the iron molders, and the machinists and blacksmiths in 1859; in addition there were at least a half dozen less successful attempts in other trades. See below, 148-149. See below, 270-272. The workingmen felt that they required leisure to be able to exercise their rights of citizens.
They were, in fact, so many mob orators haranguing their subscribers. They wrote down to the standards of the mob. They were molders of public opinion and they were always the creatures of public opinion. They wrote for the masses.
Unlike the miners and the railway brotherhoods, the unions in the machinery and metal trades met with small success in their efforts for "recognition" and trade agreements. The outstanding unions in the industry are the International Association of Machinists and the International Molders' Union, with a half dozen smaller and very small unions.
In reality, only after years of struggle, of strikes and lockouts, and after the two sides had fought each other "to a standstill," was the system finally installed. The eighties abounded in stove molders' strikes, and in 1886 the national union began to render effective aid. The Stove Founders' National Defense Association was formed in 1886 as an employers' association of stove manufacturers.
The following is a list of the national unions in existence in 1880 with the year of formation: Typographical , Hat Finishers , Iron Molders , Locomotive Engineers , Cigar Makers , Bricklayers and Masons , Silk and Fur Hat Finishers , Railway Conductors , Coopers , German-American Typographia , Locomotive Firemen , Horseshoers , Furniture Workers , Iron and Steel Workers , Granite Cutters , Lake Seamen , Cotton Mill Spinners , New England Boot and Shoe Lasters .
These editorials were so similar in tone, tenor and texture, as pointedly to suggest a common model a coincidence which was not allowed to pass unremarked by Hildreth and other molders of public opinion on the opposite side of the political fence. But Hildreth did not pause at generalities.
The scarcity of mechanics of all kinds in the Confederacy, and the urgent needs of the people for many things which the war and the blockade prevented their obtaining, led to continual inducements being offered to the artizans among us to go outside and work at their trade. Shoemakers seemed most in demand; next to these blacksmiths, machinists, molders and metal workers generally.
With the molders the nationalization of the organization was destined to proceed to its utmost length. In order that union conditions should be maintained even in the best organized centers, it became necessary to equalize competitive conditions in the various localities. That led to a well-knit national organization to control working conditions, trade rules, and strikes.
By separate occupations, railway conductors, brakemen, and locomotive engineers were from 50-100 percent organized; printers, locomotive firemen, molders and plasterers, from 30-50 percent; bakers, carpenters, plumbers, from 15-30 percent organized.
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