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Letourneau, op. cit. pp. 335-336. One of the most remarkable instances of a gynæcocratic people has only now been fully discovered as having existed in ancient Crete. It seems probable that women enjoyed greater powers than they had even in Egypt. The new evidence that has come to light is certainly most interesting; the facts are recorded by Mr.
Most certainly not. We have made an attempt to define sexual immorality and we have concluded that as yet there is no absolute standard in civilized or uncivilized ethics, since, as Letourneau points out, what is immoral in Pekin or Calcutta may be moral in Paris or London. Truth is adherence to facts in whatever section of the world.
They strongly remind us of the times of our southern troubadours and of the cours d’amour, which were the quintessence of chivalry.” Chavanne, op. cit., p. 208 et seq. Duveyrier, op. cit., p. 429. Letourneau, The Evolution of Marriage, pp. 180-181.
For details, see Letourneau, L'Évolution du commerce dans les diverses races humaines, Paris, 1897, especially pp. 264, 330, 354, 384, etc. This condition has been well-described by various novelists, among them Zola, in Money.
Letourneau, Evolution of Marriage, pp. 80-81, 311-312. Hartland, Primitive Paternity, Vol. I, pp. 269, 288. Now, if we regard these customs in the light of what has already been established, it is clear that they cannot be regarded as the first stage in the maternal family. Such a view is entirely to mistake the facts. The Naïrs are in no respect a people of primitive culture.
Letourneau, in Bulletin de la Soc. d'Anthropologie, 1888, vol. xi. p. 476. Walter, Das alte Wallis, p. 323; Dm. Bakradze and N. Khoudadoff in Russian Zapiski of the Caucasian Geogr. Society, xiv. Part I. Bancroft's Native Races; Waitz, Anthropologie, iii. 423; Montrozier, in Bull. Soc. d'Anthropologie, 1870; Post's Studien, etc.
Letourneau says that the notion of private property, which seems to us so natural, dawned late and slowly, and that common ownership was the rule among primitive people. Value is sometimes measured by use and sometimes by the work required to produce it.
So shall no inheritance of the children of Israel remove from tribe to tribe.” We have here an indication of the close relation between father-right and property. Gen. xxx, 18-30; xxxi, 14, 41. Gen. xxxi, 43. Gen. xxiv, 5, 53. Judges xv, 1. Numb., xxxii, 8-11. See Letourneau, Evolution of Marriage, p. 326. Gen. xxiii, 13. Numb. xxxvi, 4-8.
For brief reading: WESTERMARCK, History of Human Marriage, Chaps. I-VI. HOWARD, History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. I, Chaps. I-III HEINEMAN, Physical Basis of Civilization, Chaps. For more extended reading: CRAWLEY, The Mystic Rose: A Study of Primitive Marriage. GEDDES AND THOMSON, Evolution of Sex. LETOURNEAU, The Evolution of Marriage. MORGAN, Ancient Society.
Moreover, among some tribes, the influence of the mothers as the heads of families extends to the councils of state; it is even said that the chiefs do not decide anything without their consent. Letourneau, pp. 306-307; citing Laing, Travels in Western Africa. Giraud-Teulon, Les origines du mariage et de la famille, pp. 215 et seq.
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