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Updated: June 6, 2025
I reached the east bank of the Tambur, on the 13th of November, at its junction with the Khawa, in a deep gorge.
It formed a grand stream, larger than the Teesta, of a pale, sea-green, muddy colour, and flowed rapidly with a strong ripple, but no foam; it rises six feet in the rains, but ice never descends nearly so low; its breadth was sixty to eighty yards, its temperature 55 degrees to 58 degrees. The breadth of the foaming Khawa was twelve to fifteen yards, and its temperature 56.5 degrees.
Difficulty in procuring leave to enter Sikkim Obtain permission to travel in East Nepal Arrangements Coolies Stores Servants Personal equipment Mode of travelling Leave Dorjiling Goong ridge Behaviour of Bhotan coolies Nepal frontier Myong valley Ilam Sikkim massacre Cultivation Nettles Camp at Nanki on Tonglo Bhotan coolies run away View of Chumulari Nepal peaks to west Sakkiazung Buceros Road to Wallanchoon Oaks Scarcity of water Singular view of mountain-valleys Encampment My tent and its furniture Evening occupations Dunkotah Crossridge of Sakkiazung Yews Silver-firs View of Tambur valley Pemmi river Pebbly terraces Geology Holy springs Enormous trees Luculia gratissima Khawa river, rocks of Arrive at Tambur Shingle and gravel terraces Natives, indolence of Canoe ferry Votive offerings Bad road Temperature, etc.
At the junction of the Pemmi and Khawa rivers, there are high rocks of mica-slate, and broad river-terraces of stratified sand and pebbles, apparently alternating with deposits of shingle. On this hot, open expanse, elevated 2250 feet, appeared many trees and plants of the Terai and plains, as pomegranate, peepul, and sal; with extensive fields of cotton, indigo, and irrigated rice.
The river-terrace is in all respects similar to that at the junction of the Tambur and Khawa, but very extensive: the stones it contained were of all sizes, from a nut to huge boulders upwards of fifteen feet long, of which many strewed the surface, while others were in the bed of the river: all were of gneiss, quartz, and granite, and had doubtless been transported from great elevations, as the rocks in situ both here and for several thousand feet higher up the river were micaceous schists, dipping in various directions, and at all angles, with, however, a general strike to the north-west.
We followed the north bank of the Khawa, which runs westerly through a gorge, between high cliffs of chlorite, containing thick beds of stratified quartz. At the angles of the river broad terraces are formed, fifteen to thirty feet above its bed, similar to those just mentioned, and planted with rows of Acacia Serissa, or laid out in rice fields, or sugar plantations.
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