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Updated: May 22, 2025
These corresponding parts are called, in the technical language of anatomy, "homologous parts." The ring of the third division is the "homologue" of the ring of the fifth, the appendage of the former is the homologue of the appendage of the latter. And, as each division exhibits corresponding parts in corresponding places, we say that all the divisions are constructed upon the same plan.
Amiel, the Mayor, ordered all the bones to be taken out and reinterred in the parish cemetery. But before this was done, having as a medical man a knowledge of anatomy, he ascertained by counting the homologous bones that they must have formed parts of no less than seventeen skeletons of both sexes, and all ages; some so young that the ossification of some of the bones was incomplete.
Nature may be said to have taken pains to reveal her scheme of modification, by means of rudimentary organs, of embryological and homologous structures, but we are too blind to understand her meaning. I have now recapitulated the facts and considerations which have thoroughly convinced me that species have been modified, during a long course of descent.
Hence the same names can be given to the homologous bones in widely different animals.
The scales of the bud of Horsechestnut are considered to be homologous with petioles, by analogy with other members of the same family. In the Sweet Buckeye a series can be made, exhibiting the gradual change from a scale to a compound leaf. By Asa Gray. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor and Co., New York, 1879. Horsechestnut. I. Branch in winter state: a, leaf-scars; b, bud-scars; c, flower-scars. 2.
Birds and reptiles. Independent origins of similar sense organs. The ear. The eye. Other coincidences. Causes besides Natural Selection produce concordant variations in certain geographical regions. Causes besides Natural Selection produce concordant variations in certain zoological and botanical groups. There are homologous parts not genetically related.
We have seen that the members of the same class, independently of their habits of life, resemble each other in the general plan of their organisation. This resemblance is often expressed by the term "unity of type;" or by saying that the several parts and organs in the different species of the class are homologous. The whole subject is included under the general name of Morphology.
If we suppose that the ancient progenitor, the archetype as it may be called, of all mammals, had its limbs constructed on the existing general pattern, for whatever purpose they served, we can at once perceive the plain signification of the homologous construction of the limbs throughout the whole class.
It is noteworthy that in the hand of the same animal a serially homologous structure should also be developed. And in the Hyrax another myological resemblance appears. It is, however, needless to multiply instances which can easily be produced in large numbers if required.
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