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Updated: June 23, 2025
In order to make these penalties more terrible, the torments of those who died under the displeasure of the Church were painted in the most vivid colours. But in the official and popular Christian eschatology, as in the terrestrial theodicy of the Old Testament, there is little or no moral idealism.
In this second period, these theories about the Person of Christ are held concurrently, without any attempt to reconcile or systematise them. The eschatology is being seriously modified by the conception of a 'spiritual body, which is prepared for us so soon as our 'outward man' decays in death.
Mayhew & Baker. 16mo. pp. 204. 63 cts. Eschatology of the Scripture Doctrines of the Coming of the Lord, the Judgment, and the Resurrection. By Samuel Lee. Boston. J.E. Tilton & Co. 12mo. pp. 267. $1.00. Codex Vaticanus. Novum Testamentum Graece, ex Antiquissimo Codice Vaticano. Edidit Angelus Maius, S.R.E., Card. Ad Fidem Editionis Romanae accuratius impressum. New York.
The prophecies concerning his appearance are sometimes of an equally supernatural kind as those of the Shiites, so that the period of his coming has passed more and more from the political sphere to which it originally belonged, into that of eschatology. Yet, naturally, it is easier for a popular leader to make himself regarded as the orthodox Mahdi than to play the part of the returned imam.
Harnack says of this Christ, the Christ of Nicene or Catholic Christology, that he is essentially docetic that is, apparential because the process of the divinization of the man in Christ was made in the interests of eschatology. But which is the real Christ? Is it, indeed, that so-called historical Christ of rationalist exegesis who is diluted for us in a myth or in a social atom?
Thus, in the Eschatology of Judaism, this idea of Judgment predominates. But in another sense, too, there was judgment at death. The sorrow of the survivors, like the decease of the departed, was to be considered as God's doing, and therefore right. Hence in the very moment of the death of a loved one, when grief was most poignant, the survivor stood forth before the congregation and praised God.
Ultimately these two strands of eschatology were woven together, though scarcely reconciled, in the elaborate fabric of the Catholic system of purgatory, paradise, resurrection, judgement, heaven and hell. In another sense salvation meant something different, which was not eschatological.
Protestantism to-day stands for everything in general and nothing in particular, except its protest against being definite and particular. It has thrown eschatology overboard. It no longer has any interest in hereafter things. There may be a holy city in heaven; it does not know, it will not affirm for nor against; but it does know there are unholy cities on earth.
Every believing Christian knows these facts, and judges and acts according to them: therefore, when in the realm of nature, which God certainly submitted to the free investigation of the human mind, he meets similar views, what right has he to protest against them as being hostile to religion? Eschatology.
A recent Japanese critic of Buddhism remarks that "though Buddhism has a name in the world for the excellence of its ethical system, yet there exists no treatise in Japanese which sets forth the distinctive features of Buddhist ethics." Buddhist literature is chiefly occupied with mythology, metaphysics, and eschatology, ethical precepts being interwoven incidentally.
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