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Updated: June 9, 2025
F. If we only want to isolate the atropine, it is better to crystallize the free base two or three times from alcohol at 50 per cent., always taking the earliest formed crystals.
Lately we have succeeded in performing the complete synthesis of atropic acid, and the artificial preparation of atropine has been greatly facilitated since I have shown that we can easily reconstruct atropine by starting from its products of decomposition, tropic acid, and tropine. Before my researches nothing was known of the constitution of tropine.
One pound of Glauber's salts in a drench is to be preferred. Rest in a darkened stall is indicated. An eye lotion containing three grains of silver nitrate in one ounce of distilled water should be applied to the eye three times daily. A water solution of atropine or eserine should be used for the purpose of relieving the symptoms of iritis or glaucoma. A very light diet should be fed.
The latter of these products is already shown to be capable of synthetical formation, and the other will no doubt be formed in the same way. The artificial atropine is identical with the natural alkaloid.
These facts prove the presence of atropine in datura; but while Planta and Schmidt assert that only this alkaloid is found in the plant, I have proved that the proportion of atropine in it is but small, while its richness in hyoscyamine is great. I think, therefore, that both Planta and Schmidt must have worked with a mixture of atropine and hyoscyamine.
I should fancy that the above particulars are sufficent to completely differentiate atropine from all the other mydriatic alkaloids. Planta has already tried to show that atropine is identical with the daturine obtained by Geiger and Hesse, founding his opinion on facts which we nowadays look upon as doubtful. This identity was generally admitted by all chemists.
Brucine is a tertiary diamine, that is, formed by substitution in a double ammonia molecule. When distilled with potassium hydrate it yields quinoline, lutidine, and two isomeric collidines. The alkaloid atropine has been quite thoroughly studied with results of great interest.
Give 10 grains of permanganate of potassium in a pint of water acidulated with sulphuric acid, and repeat the dose every half hour. Belladonna by mouth, or atropine hypodermically. Patient must be kept roused by dashing cold water over him, flagellating with a wet towel, walking about, etc.
Piperidine hydrochlorate, also, when heated with excess of bromine to 180° C., yields dibrompyridine. Sinapine, the alkaloid which exists as sulphocyanate in white mustard seed, yields, under the same reaction as that applied to atropine and piperine, quite different results.
Wash out the stomach freely; a hypodermic injection of apomorphine as an emetic, followed by hypodermic injections of pilocarpine or morphine. Tea, coffee, or tannin, to precipitate the alkaloid. Tests. Atropine may be recognized by its action on the pupil. The chloro-iodide of potassium and mercury precipitates it from very dilute solutions. Hyoscyamus niger. Datura stramonium. Symptoms.
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