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Updated: June 24, 2025
Where the bells ring at the neck of the camels of Iran is a stretch of columns on which are inscribed the words of those that lived in Paradise. On a wall of the temple of Bel are the chronicles of creation; in the palace of Assurbanipal, the narrative of the flood.
The library of Assurbanipal at Nineveh included catalogues of stellary and planetary observations, among others the times of Venus, Jupiter and Mars, and the phases of the moon, for every day in the month. Finally, a fragment of an Assyrian planisphere has been found in the palace of Sennacherib.
He also disappeared, and two heralds entered with trumpets on which they blew, and one exclaimed, “Make way for Assurbanipal, ruler of land and of sea.” Then, with horsemen riding royally, Sardanapalus advanced through the fissure in the wall. On his head a high and wonderful tiara shone with zebras that had wings and horns. His hair was long, and his beard curled in overlapping rings.
Those in the Louvre are fourteen feet high; the tallest pair in the British Museum are about the same. Art in Ancient Egypt, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 92, fig. 70. On the subject of these winged bulls see Fr. LENORMANT, Les Origines de l'Histoire, vol. i. chap. 3. The bas-relief here reproduced comes from the palace of Assurbanipal at Kouyundjik.
But Assyria was now near one of its recurrent periods of exhaustion, and foes were rising for a formidable attack. IV. Fall of Media and Chaldæa At the very height of his apparent grandeur and prosperity Assurbanipal was attacked by Phraortes, King of the Medes, who paid for his temerity with his life, being left dead, with the greater part of his army, on the field.
But the sequel was unexpected, for Cyaxares, son of the slain Mede, stubbornly continued the conflict, patiently reorganising his army, until he won a great victory over the Assyrian generals, and shut up the remnant of their forces in Nineveh. Assurbanipal, after a reign of forty-two years, died about 625 B.C., and was succeeded by his son, Assuretililani.
After the capture of Thebes by Assurbanipal, the Assyrian king, the famous Sardanapalus of the Greeks, they were transported to the conqueror's palace at Nineveh, and were afterwards lost for ever in the destruction of that city, about sixty years later, or about six hundred years before Christ.
One Assurbanipal, king of Assyria B.C. 668-626, added to the royal library at Nineveh his contribution of tablets, which included many series of documents which related exclusively to the astrology of the ancient Babylonians, who in turn had borrowed it with modifications from the Sumerian invaders of the country.
Made of boasts and shrieks, they recite the capture and sack of cities; the torrents of blood with which, like wool, the streets were dyed; the flaming pyramids of prisoners; the groans of men impaled; the cries of ravished women. The inscriptions are not all infernal. Those that relate to Assurbanipal vulgarly, Sandanapallos, are even ornate.
When these had come from the shoulders of important enemies they were carried in procession and treasured as honourable trophies. In one relief we find Assurbanipal, after his return to Nineveh from the subjugation of the southern rebels, lying upon a luxurious couch in the garden of his harem and sharing a sumptuous meal with a favoured wife.
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