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Updated: June 21, 2025
There had been struck by lightning the public road at Veii, a temple of Jupiter at Lanuvium, a temple of Hercules at Ardea, with a wall and towers at Capua, also the edifice which is called Alba. At Arretium, the sky appeared as on fire; at Velitrae, the earth, to the extent of three acres, sunk down so as to form a vast chasm.
On the former Marcus Antonius advanced as far as Arretium, on the second Caesar himself pushed forward. Resistance was nowhere encountered; the recruiting officers of quality had no military skill, their bands of recruits were no soldiers, the inhabitants of the country towns were only anxious not to be involved in a siege.
The two great Etruscan highways the coast or Aurelian road from Rome to Pisa and Luna, which was in course of formation in 631, and the Cassian road leading by way of Sutrium and Clusium to Arretium and Florentia, which seems not to have been constructed before 583 may as Roman public highways belong only to this age.
The construction of the coast or Aurelian road from Rome to Luna, and of the cross road carried from Luca by way of Florence to Arretium between the Aurelian and Cassian ways, probably belongs to the same period. With the more western Ligurian tribes, who held the Genoese Apennines and the Maritime Alps, there were incessant conflicts.
Others, such as Volaterrae and Arretium, were deprived of all privileges except that of Commercium or the right of trade. One of his centurions, named Luscius, bought an estate for 10,000,000 sesterces, or 88,540l. of our money. One of his freedmen bought for 20l. 12s. an estate worth 61,000l. Crassus, Verres, and Sulla's wife, Metella, became in this way infamously rich.
Both between Pistoria and Arretium, along the byroads, and from the Pallia to Rome, on the Clodian Highway, I was in the party headed by Maternus himself, a party of five besides us two. When we dispersed near Luca I had noted that Torix, Pelops and Cossedo with two more made a party; and that Caburus took Agathemer with him.
But the iron arm of the regent fell with especial weight on the two regions which had offered a serious resistance up to the end and even after the battle at the Colline gate Etruria and Samnium. There a number of the most considerable communes, such as Florentia, Faesulae, Arretium, Volaterrae, were visited with total confiscation.
We know that Cicero pleaded other causes before he went to Greece in the year 79 B.C., especially those for Publius Quintius, of which we have his speech, and that for a lady of Arretium, in which he defended her right to be regarded as a free woman of that city.
Unlike the Samnites who had now for eighteen years maintained the unequal struggle, three of the most powerful Etruscan towns Perusia, Cortona, and Arretium consented after the first defeat to a separate peace for three hundred months , and after the Romans had once more beaten the other Etruscans near Perusia in the following year, the Tarquinienses also agreed to a peace of four hundred months ; whereupon the other cities desisted from the contest, and a temporary cessation of arms took place throughout Etruria.
A dangerous ferment immediately showed itself in Arretium; a conspiracy organized in the interest of Hannibal among the Etruscans was discovered, and appeared so perilous that Roman troops were ordered to march thither.
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