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Updated: July 20, 2025
They form larger and larger vessels until they become two large veins in each lung, and pour their contents into the left auricle. Thus the pulmonary artery carries venous blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, as the pulmonary veins carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left auricle.
We must now inquire the real names of whatever has figured in our story. The two great compartments are called ventricles, the two small pouches auricles, and they are also distinguished as being on the right or left side; right ventricle, left ventricle, right auricle, left auricle. The inner doors on which depends all the action of the machine, are called valvelets.
In like manner, wherever the heart has a single ventricle, there is an auricle appended, flaccid, membranous, hollow, filled with blood; and where there are two ventricles, there are likewise two auricles.
The left lung and cavity were perfectly normal. The right lung was engorged and somewhat compressed by the blood in the pleural cavity. The pericardium was much distended and contained from six to eight ounces of partially coagulated blood. There was a fibrinous clot in the left ventricle. Nonfatal Cardiac Injuries. Wounds of the heart are not necessarily fatal.
A line drawn from the wound of entrance to that of exit would pass exactly through the right ventricle. After receiving the wound the man walked about twenty steps, and then, feeling very weak from profuse hemorrhage from the front of the wound, he sat down. With little or no treatment the wound closed and steady improvement set in; the patient was discharged in three weeks.
The disturbed circulation is evidenced by imperfect peripheral circulation and capillary sluggishly, with at times pendent edema of the feet and ankles, but, perhaps, little congestion of the lungs. The left ventricle being sufficient, there is no damming back through the left auricle to the lungs.
He thinks that these three factors are constantly adapting themselves to each other for the needs of the individual, and he finds, for instance, that when the left ventricle is hypertrophied and the output of blood is therefore greater, then the pulse will be slowed.
The whole of the blood driven out by the left ventricle at each of its contractions, passes into one large canal called the aorta. The supply to the upper part of the body being secured, the aorta begins to descend. But now imagine of what importance it must be, that this head-artery the foster-father of the whole body should be sheltered from every accident.
The inner cavities of these pear-shaped vesicles, which soon attain a considerable size, are openly connected with the ventricle of the intermediate brain by their hollow stems. They are covered externally by the epidermis. The hollow of the sac is afterwards filled with the cells of its thick walls, and thus we get the solid crystalline lens. This is, therefore, a purely epidermic structure.
It was known before, that the pulmonary artery, the right ventricle, and the veins, contain the darker kind of blood, which was thence called venous. Having proved that the whole of the left side of the heart, during life, is full of scarlet arterial blood, Galen's next point was to inquire into the mode of communication between the arteries and veins.
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