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Updated: June 8, 2025


The conclusion from all this is that, with regard to supersensuous matters, Scripture alone is authoritative, and that reasoning is to be applied only to the support of Scripture. The teaching of the Sankhyas which conflicts with the Veda cannot therefore be used for the purpose of confirming and elucidating the meaning of the Veda. Here finishes the section treating of 'difference of nature.

For in the minds of those who are awed by all the dangers and troubles of existence, the desire to enter on a philosophical investigation of Reality, proceeding by means of Perception and Inference, springs up quite apart from the Veda, owing to the observation that there are various sects of philosophers. Sankhyas, and so on, who make it their business to carry on such investigations.

If, now, we further manage to refute the inference which leads them to assume the Pradhana as the cause of the world, we shall have disestablished their whole theory. We therefore proceed to give this refutation. On this point the Sankhyas reason as follows.

Rightly studying the four and twenty topics along with Prakriti, and ascertaining their true nature, the Sankhyas succeed in beholding That which transcends the four and twenty topics or principles. Jiva in reality is that very Soul which transcends Prakriti and is beyond the four and twenty topics.

He inculcated the science he had obtained from me unto those celestials that dwell in the regions of Brahman and other deities, unto those that dwell on Earth, unto also the denizens of the nether regions, and unto them that had adopted the path of Emancipation, O king. The Sankhyas are devoted to the practices of their system. The Yogins are devoted to the practices inculcated by their system.

Wandering over the earth and pursuing the while the path that is pointed out by the scriptures, the learned Panchasikha formerly dwelt in happiness in my abode for a period of four months in the rainy season. That foremost of Sankhyas discoursed to me, agreeably to the truth, and in an intelligible manner suited to my comprehension, on the several kinds of means for attaining to Emancipation.

The Sankhyas hold that owing to the soul's approximation to Prakriti the attributes of the latter are fictitiously superimposed upon the soul which in itself consists entirely of pure intelligence free from all change, and that thereon depends the origination of the empirical world.

The final good after which men are chiefly to aim is a state of supreme indifference and contempt." "But," asked Arguna, "what, pray, is that state of equipoise of spirit which thou urgest?" Said the Holy One, "There is a twofold law: that of Sankhyas, or intellectual devotion, and that of Yogis, or practical devotion.

The Atharvanikas read in their text, 'The higher knowledge is that by which that Indestructible is apprehended. Up. The doubt here arises whether the Indestructible, possessing the qualities of imperceptibility, &c., and that which is higher than the Indestructible, should be taken to denote the Pradhana and the soul of the Sankhyas, or whether both denote the highest Self.

The Sankhyas, O king, are endued with great wisdom. They succeed in attaining to the highest end by means of this kind of knowledge. There is no knowledge that is equal to this. Do not yield to any kind of doubt. The knowledge which is described in the system of the Sankhyas is regarded as the highest. That knowledge is immutable and is eternally fixed. It is eternal Brahma in fulness.

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