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Updated: June 8, 2025
Among the Vedas thou art the Samans, among the Yajushes thou art the Sata-Rudriyam, among Yogins thou art Sanatkumara, and among Sankhyas thou art Kapila. Thou art the Ocean of milk among all oceans, among all rocky eminences thou art Himavat, among all the orders thou art the Brahmana, and among all learned Brahmanas thou art he that has undergone and is observant of the Diksha.
Having transcended the liability, that is so difficult to transcend, of dwelling within the gross body, the Sankhyas enter into pure space. Surya then bears, with his rays, those righteous men that are practicers of the Sankhya doctrines.
Part of this section, viz. Next the sloka I, 3, 1 'There are the two drinking their reward' shows that, as the object of devout meditation and the devotee abide together, meditation is easily performed. It thus appears that there are references and questions regarding those three matters only; and hence the 'Un-evolved' cannot mean the Pradhana of the Sankhyas.
When he has departed there is no more consciousness. And in the end we have 'whereby should he know the knower'; where we again recognise the knowing subject, i.e. the individual soul, not the Lord. We thus conclude that the whole text is meant to set forth the soul as held by the Sankhyas. But in the beginning there is a clause, viz.
Verily, I desire to hear thee discourse on all these subjects! ""Yajnavalkya said, 'Hear, O monarch, what I say in an answer to these questions of thine. I shall impart to thee the high knowledge which Yogins value, and especially that which is possessed by the Sankhyas. Nothing is unknown to thee. Still thou askest me. One however that is questioned should answer. This is the eternal practice.
In the case of the passage 'Higher than the intellect is the Great Self, we conclude from the co-ordination of 'the Great' with the Self that what the text means is not the 'Great' principle of the Sankhyas; analogously we conclude that the 'Unevolved, which is said to be higher than the Self, cannot be the Pradhana of Kapila's system.
They are endued with wisdom that behold both these as truly one and the same. Frightened at repeated births and deaths, the Sankhyas and Yogins regard the Jiva-soul and the Supreme Soul to be one and the same. ""'Viswavasu then said, "Thou hast, O foremost of Brahmanas, said that Jiva-soul is indestructible and truly undistinguished from the Supreme Soul.
Fruition thus results from ignorance, and release from knowledge of the truth. This their theory the Sankhyas prove by means of perception, inference, and authoritative tradition.
The Sankhyas, whose system is built on Prakriti, say that Prakriti, which is Unmanifest, is the foremost. From Prakriti, they say, O monarch, the second principle called Mahat, is produced. It is heard by us that from Mahat flows the third principle called Consciousness.
Those persons that are endued with wisdom, that have betaken themselves to the practices of Yatis and the religion of Emancipation, those persons of quenched thirst, always find that Hari favours them with the fruition of their desire. The religion followed by a person that is devoted with his whole soul to Narayana is regarded as similar or equal in merit to the system of the Sankhyas.
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