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Updated: April 30, 2025
"Slush" or "Sludge". The initial stages in the freezing of sea-water, when its consistency becomes gluey or soupy. "Pancake-ice". Small circular floes with raised rims; due to the break- up in a gently ruffled sea of the newly formed ice into pieces which strike against each other, and so form turned-up edges. "Young Ice". Applied to all unhummocked ice up to about a foot in thickness.
Then lumps of old pack began to appear among the new ice. I realized that an advance through pack-ice was out of the question. The 'Southern Sky' was a steel-built steamer, and her structure, while strong to resist the waves, would not endure the blows of masses of ice. So I took the ship north, and at daylight on Friday we got clear of the pancake-ice.
The vessel was now beyond the farthest point of land that had been discovered at the time of which I am writing, and already one or two of the headlands had been named by Captain Harvey and marked on his chart. "I don't like to see pancake-ice so early in the season," remarked the captain to Mr Mansell. "No more do I, sir," answered the mate. "This would be a bad place to winter in, I fear."
Still Captain Harvey hoped to get farther north before being obliged to search for winter quarters. One morning early in September, however, he found to his sorrow that pancake-ice was forming on the sea.
When the sea begins to freeze it does so in small needle-like spikes, which cross and recross each other until they form thin ice, which the motion of the waves breaks up into flat cakes about a foot or so across. These, by constantly rubbing against each other, get worn into a rounded shape. Sailors call this "pancake-ice." It is the first sign of coming winter.
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