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Updated: May 13, 2025
At the bird's fiat, it can be opened and closed and made to assume a great variety of forms. Moreover, just in front of it there is a fold of mucous membrane called the epiglottis, which is in reality a tiny trapdoor closing over the opening when necessity requires.
The pharynx is the part of the food canal that is crossed by the passageway for the air. To keep the food from passing out of its natural channel, the openings into the air passages have to be carefully guarded. This is accomplished through the soft palate and epiglottis, which are operated somewhat as valves.
At its upper part is the epiglottis, the main guard against the passage of the food into the respiratory tubes, and, at the same time, of the instrument of the voice. It consists of five cartilages united together by a ligamentous substance, and, by distinct and perfect articulations, adapting itself to every change of the respiratory process and the production of the voice.
For if anything by chance gets down that way, we are troubled with retching and coughing till it is thrown up again. And this epiglottis being framed so that it may fall on either side, whilst we speak it shuts the weasand, but when we eat or drink it falls upon the windpipe, and so secures the passage for our breath.
Stains and corrosions about the mouth, chin, and fingers, or wherever the acid has come in contact. The inside of the mouth, fauces, and oesophagus, is white and corroded, yellow or dark brown, and shrivelled. Epiglottis contracted or swollen. Stomach filled with brown, yellow, or black glutinous liquid; its lining membrane is charred or inflamed, and the vessels are injected. Pylorus contracted.
The epiglottis during the production of the highest notes rises upward and backward against the posterior pharyngeal wall in such a way as almost entirely to separate the pharyngeal cavities, at the same time that it gives an unusual conformation to those resonant chambers." Complete absence of the eyes is a very rare anomaly.
There are possibly a half score of cases recorded, but this anomaly is very rare, and Major is possibly the only one who has to a certainty demonstrated the fact by a laryngoscopic examination. By the laryngoscope he was enabled to observe a paroxysm in a woman, in which the tongue retracted and impinged on the epiglottis, but quickly recovered its position.
The food having passed over the epiglottis, that cartilage, from its elastic power, again rises and resumes its former situation. The 'thyroid cartilage' envelopes and protects all the rest, and particularly the lining membrane of the larynx, which vibrates from the impulse of the air that passes.
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