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Updated: May 26, 2025
Europe received from Christianity ideas which were quite new to it, the Knowledge, I mean, of the fundamental truth that life cannot be an end-in-itself, that the true end of our existence lies beyond it. The Greeks and Romans had placed this end altogether in our present life, so that in this sense they may certainly be called blind heathens.
Europe received from it a drift which had hitherto been unknown to it it learnt the fundamental truth that life cannot be an end-in-itself, but that the true end of our existence lies beyond it. The Greeks and Romans had placed this end absolutely in life itself, so that, in this sense, they may most certainly be called blind heathens.
One lesson, if men must have lessons, he conveys more clearly than all, the supreme importance of contemplation in the conduct of life. Contemplation impassioned contemplation that, is with Wordsworth the end-in-itself, the perfect end.
If our existence in this world were an end-in-itself, it would be the most absurd end that was ever determined; even we ourselves or any one else might have imagined it. Life presents itself next as a task, the task, that is, of subsisting de gagner sa vie.
The arguments urged by Eudoxus as proving pleasure to be the chief good, are, That all beings seek pleasure; and avoid its opposite, pain; that they seek pleasure as an end-in-itself, and not as a means to any farther end; that pleasure, added to any other good, such as justice or temperance, increases the amount of good; which could not be the case, unless pleasure were itself good.
It must thus be An end-in-itself pursued for its own sake; it must farther be self-sufficing leaving no outstanding wants man's sociability being taken into account and gratified. Happiness is such an end; but we must state more clearly wherein happiness consists. This will appear, if we examine what is the work appropriate and peculiar to man.
Howard abandoned the common pleasures of life for himself, to diminish the misery of fellow creatures. It is true that human beings are apt to regard Virtue as an end-in-itself, and not merely as a means to happiness as the final end. But the fact is fully accounted for on the general law of Association by Contiguity; there being many other examples of the same kind, as the love of money.
The expression, often heard now-a-days, "the world is an end-in-itself," leaves it uncertain whether Pantheism or a simple Fatalism is to be taken as the explanation of it.
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