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Updated: June 14, 2025
Such regulations may, no doubt, be considered as in some respect a violation of natural liberty. But those exertions of the natural liberty of a few individuals, which might endanger the security of the whole society, are, and ought to be, restrained by the laws of all governments; of the most free, as well as or the most despotical.
But it is the highest refinement of a despotical government, to rule by simple commands, and to exclude every art but that of compulsion.
Lincoln, he is pure, and has no despotical longings, but he has around him some atomistic Torquemadas.
When he hopes to be safe, he possibly means to be just; but is hurried, from the first moment of his usurpation, into every exercise of despotical power.
They have prevented it from being drifted into the theocracies and despotical states of old; they have endowed it with the variety, the self-reliance, the force of initiative, and the immense intellectual and material energies it now possesses, which are the best pledge for its being able to resist any new invasion of the East.
And if the speculative would find that habitual state of war which they are sometimes pleased to honour with the name of the state of nature, they will find it in the contest that subsists between the despotical prince and his subjects, not in the first approaches of a rude and simple tribe to the condition and the domestic arrangement of nations.
An opponent is challenged, to say if he discards it wholly; if he will act without any principle, or if there is any other that he would judge by; if that other be really and distinctly separate from utility; if he is inclined to set up his own approbation or disapprobation as the rule; and if so, whether he will force that upon others, or allow each person to do the same; in the first case, if his principle is not despotical; in the second case, whether it is not anarchical; supposing him to add the plea of reflection, let him say if the basis of his reflections excludes utility; if he means to compound the matter, and take utility for part; and if so, for what part; why he goes so far, with Utility, and no farther; on what other principle a meaning can be attached to the words 'motive and right.
So, a people who has its enemies in the house, a people from whom to expect freedom is to expect the impossible, impossible, I say, because France with her pretended freedom, England with her selfishness, Russia with her despotism, and all the european despotical alliance, diabolically blessed, and sanctioned by what they call christian religion, did, and always would unite with Austria, to crush Italy her people is judged by little things, which travelers, meet on their way.
Two causes, I imagine, joined to produce this change: first, the sword was in the hands of the legate; the policy of the emperors, in order to balance this dangerous authority, thought too much weight could not be thrown into the scale of the procurator: secondly, as the government was now entirely despotical, a connection between the inferior officers of the empire and the senate was found to shock the reason of that absolute mode of government, which extends the sovereign power in all its fulness to every officer in his own district, and renders him accountable to his master alone for the abuse of it.
"The greatest princes," says he, in his Essay on Education, "the most despotical masters of human destiny, when asked what they aim at by their wars and conquests, would answer, if sincere, as Frederick of Prussia answered, pour faire parler de soi; to occupy a large space in the admiration of mankind."
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