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Updated: August 17, 2024
Near the sulphur bank, on the edge of the lake, is a hot borate spring, which is supposed to yield at times three hundred gallons per minute, and which Professor Whitney, the State Geologist, declares remarkable for the extraordinary amount of ammoniacal salts its waters contain more than any natural spring water that has ever been analyzed.
A specimen of the water, taken near the shore, was brought back to New Haven and analyzed by Dr. George S. Jamieson of the Sheffield Scientific School. He found that it contained small quantities of silica, iron phosphate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate, sodium borate, sodium sulphate, and a considerable quantity of sodium chloride.
Fessenden recommends for armature work a compound made by boiling pure linseed oil at about 200 degrees with 1/2 per cent. of borate of manganese, the boiling being continued for several hours, or until the oil begins to thicken. An advantage of this borated oil is that it always retains a slight stickiness, and so gives a good joint when wrapped around wires, etc.
This boiling, however, is seldom needed, as the borate is soluble in HCl. From phosphoric acid I always use Girard's method of treatment with tin, using it rasped, and it yields much more accurate results with but little manipulation. When the other acids mentioned above are present in the compound, we treat it as directed there. From silicic acid, by evaporation with hydrochloric acid.
From the acids in insoluble and a few other compounds, chromic, arsenic, and arsenious acids, by fusion with carbonate of soda in presence of carbonic acid gas; borate of manganese is readily decomposed when the boracic acid is to be determined by boiling with solution of potassa, dissolving the residue in hydrochloric acid and precipitating the manganese as binoxide.
Borax, which is a borate of soda, would be so acted on by the sulphuric acid that some boric acid would be set free, the sulphuric acid robbing some of that borax of its soda. This boric acid would not be nearly so injurious to wool as carbonate of soda or ammonia would.
In the second case are the Molybdates and molybdic acid; the Chromates, including red lead ore from the Siberian gold mines of Beresof; chromate of lead and copper, and crome iron from Var, in France; the Borates, including borates of magnesia, and borate of soda, or borax.
I make the following extract from a letter from Sir John Herschel, written to me from Collingwood, on the 3rd of November, 1867: 'I will take this opportunity to mention that I believe myself to have originated the suggestion of the employment of borate of lead for optical purposes. It was, however, too soft for optical use as an object- glass.
But still no result is obtained until, finally, you interpose a piece of a rare and out-of-the-way material, which Faraday had himself discovered and made a kind of glass which contains borate of lead, and which is very heavy, or dense, and which must be perfectly annealed. Faraday himself did not understand it at all.
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