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Updated: May 12, 2025
The water was boiling, and everything was prepared, and the sound of his "zuzzoo" had brought me out upon the verandah. His active little figure was black against the autumnal sunset, and to the right the chimneys of his house just rose above a gloriously tinted group of trees. Remoter rose the Wealden Hills, faint and blue, while to the left the hazy marsh spread out spacious and serene. And then
In a matter of two days he had crossed that spacious valley, with its frozen surge of green hills, its little villages and townships here and there, its copses and cornfields, its ponds and streams like jewelery of diamonds and silver glittering in the sun. The North Downs were hidden, far away beyond the Wealden Heights.
Throughout the long lapse of the secondary ages, across the lias, the oolite, the wealden, and the chalk, we find the mammalian race slowly developing into opossums and kangaroos, such as still inhabit the isolated and antiquated continent of Australia.
In England oil has been pumped up from the carboniferous strata of Coalbrook Dale, whilst in Sussex it has been found in smaller quantities, where, in all probability, it has had its origin in the lignitic beds of the Wealden strata. Immense quantities are used for fuel by the Russian steamers on the Caspian Sea, the Baku petroleum wells being a most valuable possession.
Probably the thickness of the whole Wealden series, as seen in Swanage Bay, can not be estimated as less than 2000 feet. The flora of the Wealden is characterised by a great abundance of Coniferae, Cycadeae, anD Ferns, and by the absence of leaves and fruits of Dicotyledonous Angiosperms.
Lepidotus Mantelli, Agassiz. Wealden. a. Palate and teeth. b. Side view of teeth. c. The fishes of the Wealden are chiefly referable to the Ganoid and Placoid orders. These ganoids were allied to the Lepidosteus, or Gar-pike, of the American rivers. The whole body was covered with large rhomboidal scales, very thick, and having the exposed part coated with enamel.
A great cretaceous sheet thus overlay the Wealden beds and the whole face of Sussex to a depth of at least 600 feet; and if it had not been afterwards worn off in places, as the nursery rhyme says of old Pillicock, it would be there still. I need hardly say that the chalk is yet en évidence along the whole range of South Downs, and forms the tall white cliffs between Brighton and Beachy Head.
The candles had not been brought in, and the view one saw through the big plate glass window behind him was very clear and splendid. Those little Wealden hills in Surrey and Sussex assume at times, for all that by Swiss standards they are the merest ridges of earth, the dignity and mystery of great mountains.
Atherfield Clay. Similarity of Conditions causing Reappearance of Species after short Intervals. Upper Speeton Clay. Middle Neocomian. Tealby Series. Middle Speeton Clay. Lower Neocomian. Lower Speeton Clay. Wealden Formation. Fresh-water Character of the Wealden. Weald Clay. Hastings Sands. Punfield Beds of Purbeck, Dorsetshire. Fossil Shells and Fish of the Wealden. Area of the Wealden.
The name of Wealden was given to this group because it was first studied in parts of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, called the Weald; and we are indebted to Dr. Mantell for having shown, in 1822, in his "Geology of Sussex," that the whole group was of fluviatile origin.
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