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Updated: May 29, 2025


Rupture of a gastric or duodenal ulcer; rupture of liver, spleen, or extra-uterine gestation, or abdominal aneurism. Suffocation during an epileptic fit; vomited matter or other material drawn into the trachea or air-passages; croup. Arterio-sclerosis may lead to thrombosis, embolism, or aneurism.

Sclerostomiasis with attendant arteritis, thrombus formation and subsequent lodgement of emboli in the iliac, femoral, or other arteries, causes sufficient obstruction to prevent free circulation of blood, and the characteristic lameness of thrombosis results. Indirect injury to vessels may occur because of contused wounds and subsequent inflammation of tissues supplied by such vessels.

If infection be excluded, there is little risk of thrombosis or secondary hæmorrhage; and even if thrombosis should develop at the point of suture, the artery is obstructed gradually, and the establishment of a collateral circulation takes place better than after ligation.

Occlusion of the inferior vena cava as a result of infective thrombosis is a well-known condition, the thrombosis extending into the main trunk from some of its tributaries, either from the femoral or iliac veins below or from the hepatic veins above. Portions of the softened thrombus are liable to become detached and to enter the circulating blood, in which they are carried as emboli.

Among the 111 cases, there are post-mortem records of cases of gallstones, abscess of the mesentery, thrombosis of the mesenteric veins, several cases of heart disease, senile gangrene and one of cor villosum.

Locally the snake inflicts a double wound, passing vertically into the subcutaneous tissue; the edges of the punctures are ecchymosed, and the adjacent vessels the seat of thrombosis. Immediately there is intense pain, and considerable swelling with congestion, which tends to spread towards the trunk. Extensive gangrene may ensue. There is no special involvement of the lymphatics.

It bears certain analogies to Raynaud's disease in that spasm of the vessels plays a part in determining the local death. The main arteries are narrowed by hyperplastic endarteritis followed by thrombosis, and similar changes are found in the veins.

#Carbolic Gangrene.# Carbolic acid, even in comparatively weak solution, is liable to induce dry gangrene when applied as a fomentation to a finger, especially in women and children. Thrombosis occurs in the blood vessels of the part, which at first is pale and soft, but later becomes dark and leathery.

In other cases they are due to aneurysm of the ophthalmic artery, to thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, and, in rare instances, to cirsoid aneurysm. If compression of the common carotid is found to arrest the pulsation, ligation of this vessel is indicated.

The needle is passed for a few millimetres along the vein, and the solution is then slowly introduced; before withdrawing the needle some saline is run in to diminish the risk of thrombosis. The "914" preparations may be injected either into the subcutaneous tissue of the buttock or into the substance of the gluteus muscle.

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