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Updated: June 5, 2025
The operations, like the armies and the generals, were petty. Hohenlo was opposed to Renneberg. After a few insignificant victories, the latter laid siege to Steenwyk, a city in itself of no great importance, but the key to the province of Drenthe. The garrison consisted of six hundred soldiers, and half as many trained burghers.
With 6000 foot and 2000 horse he again appeared at the end of May before Steenwyk. This town was the key to the province of Drenthe, and one of the safeguards of Friesland; it was considered one of the strongest fortresses of the time.
Captivity of La Noue Cruel propositions of Philip Siege of Groningen Death of Barthold Enter His character Hohenlo commands in the north His incompetence He is defeated on Hardenberg Heath Petty operations Isolation of Orange Dissatisfaction and departure of Count John Remonstrance of Archduke Matthias Embassy to Anjou Holland and Zealand offer the sovereignty to Orange Conquest of Portugal Granvelle proposes the Ban against the Prince It is published The document analyzed The Apology of Orange analyzed and characterized Siege of Steenwyk by Renneberg Forgeries Siege relieved Death of Renneberg Institution of the "land-Council" Duchess of Parma sent to the Netherlands Anger of Alexander Prohibition of Catholic worship in Antwerp, Utrecht, and elsewhere Declaration of Independence by the United Provinces Negotiations with Anjou The sovereignty of Holland and Zealand provisionally accepted by Orange Tripartition of the Netherlands Power of the Prince described Act of Abjuration analyzed Philosophy of Netherland politics.
He had traversed the length and breadth of the republic in a single campaign, taken two great cities in Overyssel, picked up cities and fortresses in the province of Groningen, and threatened its capital, menaced Steenwyk, relieved Knodsenburg though besieged in person by the greatest commander of the age, beaten the most famous cavalry of Spain and Italy under the eyes of their chieftain, swooped as it were through the air upon Brabant, and carried off an important city almost in the sight of Antwerp, and sped back again in the freezing weather of early autumn, with his splendidly served and invincible artillery, to the imperial city of Nymegen, which Farnese had sworn to guard like the apple of his eye, and which, with consummate skill, was forced out of his grasp in five days.
These afforded means of fortification, which had been well improved. Both by nature and art the city was one of the strongholds of the Netherlands. Maurice had given the world a lesson in the beleaguering science at the siege of Steenwyk, such as had never before been dreamt of; but he was resolved that the operations before Gertruydenberg should constitute a masterpiece.
Farnese, although nominally the governor, felt himself unequal to take the field against the vigorous young commander who was carrying everything before him in the north and east. Upon the Mansfelds was the responsibility for saving Steenwyk and Coeworden, and to the Mansfelds did Verdugo send piteously, but in vain, for efficient help.
Renneberg, having six thousand foot and twelve hundred horse, summoned the place to surrender, but was answered with defiance. Captain Cornput, who had escaped from Groningen, after unsuccessfully warning the citizens of Renneberg's meditated treason, commanded in Steenwyk, and his courage and cheerfulness sustained the population of the city during a close winter siege.
The three principal towns in the possession of the Spaniards were Groningen, Steenwyk, and Coevorden. After capturing several less important places and forts Prince Maurice advanced against Steenwyk.
These afforded means of fortification, which had been well improved. Both by nature and art the city was one of the strongholds of the Netherlands. Maurice had given the world a lesson in the beleaguering science at the siege of Steenwyk, such as had never before been dreamt of; but he was resolved that the operations before Gertruydenberg should constitute a masterpiece.
He then moved along the Nyenoort through the Seven Wolds and Drenthe to Steenwyk, before which strongly fortified city he arrived on the 15th July. Meantime, he received intercepted letters from Verdugo to the Duke of Parma, dated 19th June from Groningen.
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