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Updated: June 16, 2025
A considerable force of Italian cavalry, with some infantry, was stationed at the village of Mulheim, on the Ruhr, and apparently out of convenient supporting distance from Spinola's main army. The stadholder determined to deliver a sudden blow upon this tender spot, break through the lines, and bring on a general action by surprise.
It is also highly probable that the second-rate theatrical dialogue which the Jesuit historian, writing from Spinola's private papers, has preserved for posterity, was rather what seemed to his imagination appropriate for the occasion than a faithful shorthand report of anything really uttered.
That his force in that November week before Groll was numerically far superior to the enemy is certain, but he had lost confidence in his cavalry since their bad behaviour at Mulheim the previous year, and a very large proportion of his infantry was on the sick-list at the moment of Spinola's approach.
"Jam aut Nunquam," was the motto upon the Italian's banners. In proportion to the depression in the republic at the results of this year's campaigning was the elation at the Spanish court. Bad news and false news had preceded the authentic intelligence of Spinola's victories.
Barneveld, speaking as usual in behalf of the States-General, publicly produced Spinola's bill of exchange for eighty thousand ducats, the diamond ring intended for Madame Aerssens, and the gold chain given to Dirk van der Does, and expressed the feelings of the republican Government in regard to those barefaced attempts of Friar John at bribery and corruption, in very scornful language?
Equation between the contending powers Treaty of peace between King James and the archdukes and the King of Spain Position of the Provinces States envoy in England to be styled ambassador Protest of the Spanish ambassador Effect of James's peace-treaty on the people of England Public rejoicings for the victory at Sluys Spinola appointed commander-in-chief of the Spanish forces Preparations for a campaign against the States Seizure of Dutch cruisers International discord Destruction of Sarmiento's fleet by Admiral Haultain Projected enterprise against Antwerp Descent of Spinola on the Netherland frontier Oldenzaal and Lingen taken Movements of Prince Maurice Encounter of the two armies Panic of the Netherlanders Consequent loss and disgrace Wachtendonk and Cracow taken by Spinola Spinola's reception in Spain Effect of his victories Results of the struggle between Freedom and Absolutism Affairs in the East Amboyna taken by Van der Hagen Contest for possession of the Clove Islands Commercial treaty between the States and the King of Ternate Hostilities between the Kings of Ternate and Tydor Expulsion of the Portuguese from the Moluccas Du Terrail's attempted assault on Bergen-op-Zoom Attack on the Dunkirk pirate fleet Practice of executing prisoners captured at sea.
A considerable force of Italian cavalry, with some infantry, was stationed at the village of Mulheim, on the Ruhr, and apparently out of convenient supporting distance from Spinola's main army. The stadholder determined to deliver a sudden blow upon this tender spot, break through the lines, and bring on a general action by surprise.
Young Lanzavecchia made a sally from the palace, was wounded and driven back together with a few of his adherents. The rest of the garrison fled helter-skelter into the town. Never had the musketeers of Italy for they all belonged to Spinola's famous Sicilian Legion behaved so badly.
Young Lanzavecchia made a sally from the palace, was wounded and driven back together with a few of his adherents. The rest of the garrison fled helter-skelter into the town. Never had the musketeers of Italy for they all belonged to Spinola's famous Sicilian Legion behaved so badly.
Spinola's countenance betrayed much emotion as he listened to the exchange of bitter recriminations which took place on this farewell colloquy. It was obvious that the brave and accomplished soldier honestly lamented the failure of the attempt to end the war. But the rupture was absolute.
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