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Updated: May 24, 2025
Till Sir Henry, who happened to know something about it, showed them how to do it by mixing silica and lime, they could not make a piece of glass, and their crockery is rather primitive. A water-clock is their nearest approach to a watch; indeed, ours delighted them exceedingly.
There is a close connection in character between mud volcanoes and those intermittent boiling springs named geysers. A good many of the mud volcanoes throw out jets of boiling water along with the mud; but in the case of the geysers, the boiling water is ejected alone, without any visible impregnation, though some mineral in solution, as silica, carbonate of lime, or sulphur, is usually present.
But carbonic acid, silica, sulphurous acid, have no hydrogen in their composition; that property cannot therefore be connoted by the term, unless those substances are no longer to be considered acids.
It was seen to contain traces of the vegetable structure of the plant from which it had been extracted. On ignition it became black, and emitted pungent fumes. An analysis of this tabasheer from the Andes showed that it contained 70 per cent. of silica and 30 per cent. of potash, lime, and water, with some organic matter.
According to the experiments and observations of Gustavus Rose, the quartz of granite has the specific gravity of 2.6, which characterises silica when it is precipitated from a liquid solvent, and not that inferior density, namely, 2.3, which belongs to it when it cools in the laboratory from a state of fusion in what is called the dry way.
It can take into its substance several similar bulks of other substances without greatly increasing its own, some actually diminishing it. Hot alkaline water will dissolve even silica rock. When water is saturated with sugar, salt, or other substance, if a little or much water is evaporated some of the saturating substance must be deposited as a solid.
It brings home to me what an unstable chemical compound man is. Here are the stage accessories as good as ever, while the players have all split up into hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and carbon, with traces of iron and silica and phosphorus. A tray full of chemicals and three buckets of water, there is the raw material of my lady in the sedan chair!
Thus, basalt from Staffa, containing 47.80 per cent of silica, has a specific gravity of 2.95; whereas trachyte, which has 66 per cent of silica, has a specific gravity of only 2.68; trachytic porphyry, containing 69 per cent of silica, a specific gravity of only 2.58.
The close proximity to Hades was less evident; yet here hot mineral water had spread broadcast innumerable little mounds of silica, which look so much like biscuits grouped in a colossal pan that this is called the Biscuit Basin; but they are not the kind that "mother used to make."
A very accurate analysis gives, at Montreal, in July, atmospheric air in solution or admixture 446 per cent; for a quart of this water, 57 inches cubic measure, evaporated to dryness, left 2.87 solid residue. Grains. Sulphate of magnesia 0·62 Chloride of calcium 0·38 Carbonate of magnesia 0·27 Carbonate of lime 1·29 Silica 0·31 2·87
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