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Updated: May 19, 2025
The order here is dictated by the directions of the gates. Elsewhere he sets up the group Ea, Sin, Shamash, Nabu, Ramman, Nin-ib, and their consorts.
Among many nations the birth of a hero or of a hero's son is pictured as taking place under great difficulties. Etana's wife is in distress because she is unable to bring to the world a child which she has conceived. Etana appeals to Shamash. Through the mediation of the priests he has offered sacrifices, and he now prays to Shamash to show him the "plant of birth."
Supreme judge, great lord of all the world art thou; Lord of creation, merciful one of the world art thou. The following lines now reveal the purpose of the hymn. It is a prayer for the life of the king: O Shamash! on this day purify and cleanse the king, the son of his god. Whatever is evil within him, let it be taken out.
This may have been due to the union of Shamash with the place where  was worshipped. Such an amalgamation of two originally male deities into a combination of male and female, strange as it may seem to us, is in keeping with the lack of sharp distinction between male and female in the oldest forms of Semitic religions.
This relationship is probably indicated by the epithet 'offspring of Nin-gal, accorded to Shamash in the inscription referred to. The moon being superior to the sun, the consort of the moon-god becomes the mother of the sun-god. Reference has several times been made to Nin-gish-zida,
It is through Nabonnedos and Nabubaliddin, chiefly, that we learn many of the details of the history of E-Babbara during this long period. Of the other important temples that date from the early period of Babylonian history, we must content ourselves with brief indications. The temple to Shamash at Larsa, while not quite as old as that of Sippar, was quite as famous.
At all events, the frequent association of Shamash and Ramman cannot have been accidental.
I.e., let your property go and save your family. See above, p. 53. Jensen, Kosmologie, p. 368; Jeremias, Izdubar-Nimrod, p. 37. See above, p. 496, note 6. Of each story or deck. Poles are used to this day to propel the crafts on the Euphrates. The largest measure. Some part of the outside of the structure is designated. Haupt translates "Sesammeth." Here, probably, Shamash is meant. Lit.
As the evening star, Venus dips down into the west, to reappear after a long interval in the east. The astral character of Ishtar dominates the latter half of the story in its present form. It is not the goddess of love and fertility nor the goddess of war who is rescued from her prison by Ea, but the planet Ishtar. Shamash is informed of the disaster by his servant, Pap-sukal.
It has been satisfactorily shown that Marduk was originally a solar deity. His association with Babylon, therefore, must be viewed in the same light as the association of Sin, the moon-god, with the city of Ur, and the association of Shamash, the sun-god, with Larsa and Sippar.
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