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Updated: June 5, 2025
This building was constructed by the padres on a mesa top, while the churches at Walpi and Shuñopovi were built in the foothills near those pueblos.
The nearest approach to it is the exchange of property, as carabaos or hogs, between two pueblos at the time a peace is made between them at which time the one sueing for peace makes by far the larger payment, the other payment being mere form.
Circular ruins likewise are limited in their distribution in the Southwest, and it is an interesting fact that the geographic distribution of ancient pueblos of this form is in a general way the same as that of circular kivas. There are, of course, many exceptions, but so far as I know these can readily be explained.
The actual negotiations for peace are generally between some two ato of the two interested pueblos, since the debt of life is most often between two ato. Bontoc and Samoki claim never to have sued for peace a statement probably true, as they are by far the largest body of warriors in the culture area, and their war reputation is the worst.
The population, therefore, could not have been much, if any, in excess of forty, and as the average family of the Pueblos consists of five persons, this would make the number of families which found a home in this village less than ten. Notwithstanding this small population the ground plan of this village shows clearly a somewhat extended period of occupancy and a gradual growth in size.
The wall lines are not regular. In the western end of the structure there is a narrow passageway into a large room in the center. Such passageways, while often seen in the valley pueblos, are rare in these canyons.
On this trail to Santa Fé, there are several small Pueblos which are inhabited by the descendants of the ancient Aztecs. These settlements, generally, are quite thrifty, and exhibit many external appearances of comfort. To prepare and cultivate the soil, it takes much labor in irrigating and bestowing other farming operations upon the land in order to bring crops to perfection.
The Sikyatki potters, like their modern descendants, sometimes ornamented the tip of a single handle with the head of an animal and painted the upper surface of the shaft with alternate parallel bars, zigzags, terraces, and frets. Several spoons or scoops of earthenware, which evidently had been used in much the same way as similar objects in the modern pueblos, were found.
The other pits are smaller; one located near the southeastern corner of the room is about 6 inches in diameter and the same in depth, while the others are mere depressions in the floor, in shape like the small paint mortars used by the Pueblos. The room, when opened, contained a deposit of bat dung and sand about 3 feet thick in the center and averaging about 2 feet thick throughout the room.
It passes through the pueblos of Bayambang, Quiangan, and Banawi, in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya. The main trail is to-day passable for a horseman from the coast terminus to Tinglayan, three days beyond Bontoc pueblo. Practically all other trails in the area are simply wild footpaths of the Igorot.
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