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Updated: June 11, 2025
At the foot of the Castillo de in Punta, near the Havannah, on shelves of cavernous rocks,* covered with verdant sea-weeds and living polypi, we find enormous masses of madrepores and other lithophyte corals set in the texture of those shelves. Is the change of colour produced by the waters owing to the manganese which we recognize by some dendrites?
It also was observed that the more manganese the iron contains the less readily the percentage of silicium is diminished; and since manganese is more subject to oxidation than silicium, it is capable to reduce silicic acid of the slag or lining to metal, and thus to augment the amount of silicium in cast iron.
In slightly acid, neutral, or alkaline solutions on the other hand, protoxide of manganese absorbs oxygen with great avidity and forms with it different compounds, according to the means of oxidation employed.
If, for instance, one cubic centimeter chameleon solution corresponds to 0.01 gramme iron, the figure for manganese is 0.01 x 0.295 = 0.00295 gramme per cubic centimeter.
The hornblendic cement, with its iron or manganese base, produces the variegated appearance which may be seen in specimens from different localities. As may be imagined from their composition, these rocks are as a rule extremely unalterable by ordinary atmospheric agencies, and are susceptible of a high degree of polish, which they retain with the utmost tenacity.
"I like to reconstruct my cases in my own mind," explained Kennedy, as he took his time in the examination. "Now, this fellow must have stripped the safe of all the outer trimmings. His next move was to make a dent in the manganese surface across the joint where the door fits the body. That must have taken a good many minutes of husky work.
Fessenden recommends for armature work a compound made by boiling pure linseed oil at about 200 degrees with 1/2 per cent. of borate of manganese, the boiling being continued for several hours, or until the oil begins to thicken. An advantage of this borated oil is that it always retains a slight stickiness, and so gives a good joint when wrapped around wires, etc.
The oxide of manganese relieves the carbon plate of its hydrogen. The strength of the solution is maintained by spare crystals of sal-ammoniac lying on the bottom of the cell, which is closed to prevent evaporation, but has a venthole for the escape of gas. The Bichromate of Potash cell polarises more than the Leclanche, but yields a more powerful current for a short time.
The zinc must be present in excess of the quantity necessary to reduce the iron and is finally completely dissolved. If the solution turns brown, it is an evidence of insufficient acid, and more should be immediately added. The results are likely to be less accurate in this case, however, as a consequence of secondary reactions between the ferrous iron and the manganese dioxide thrown down.
Tata are making a truly gigantic endeavour to acclimatize the iron and steel industry in India by the erection of immense works at Sakti in Bengal, where they have within easy reach a practically unlimited supply of the four necessary raw materials iron ore, coking coal, flux, and manganese ore.
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