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Updated: May 26, 2025
The first theory to be examined is the view that the differentia of belief consists in its causal efficacy I do not wish to make any author responsible for this theory: I wish merely to develop it hypothetically so that we may judge of its tenability.
If sufficient evidence of the fact be forthcoming, we are entitled to say upon his authority that the wicked will be damned and the virtuous go to heaven. Obedience to the law enforced by these sanctions is obviously prudent, and constitutes the true differentia of moral conduct.
The differentia, or specific difference, therefore, of man, as referred to the genus animal, is that outward form and the possession of reason. The Aristotelians said, the possession of reason, without the outward form. But if they adhered to this, they would have been obliged to call the Houyhnhms men.
And here, to prevent the notion of differentia from being restricted within too narrow limits, it is necessary to remark, that a species, even as referred to the same genus, will not always have the same differentia, but a different one, according to the principle and purpose which preside over the particular classification.
This notion would account for the rule that all definition must necessarily be per genus et differentiam, and would also explain why a single differentia was deemed sufficient.
Nor is it a Faculty: for we are not praised or blamed because we can have such or such emotions; and moreover our faculties are innate, which virtue is not. This is the genus. Now, as to the differentia, which brings us to a more specific statement of the doctrine of the Mean.
The differentia, therefore, of a species, may be defined to be, that part of the connotation of the specific name, whether ordinary, or special and technical, which distinguishes the species in question from all other species of the genus to which on the particular occasion we are referring it.
The self which is the object of amour propre is an idol of the tribe, and needs to be disintegrated into the primitive objective interests that underlie it before the cultus of it can be justified by reason. The differentia of aesthetic pleasure not its universality.
The honest art of education. Arbitrary readings of the mind. Human nature appealed to rather than described. Dialectic in psychology. Spinoza on the passions. A principle of estimation cannot govern events. Scientific psychology a part of biology. Confused attempt to detach the psychic element. Differentia of the psychic. Approach to irrelevant sentience.
The unity of God, in the Christian sense, and the non-existence of the things called dragons, do not prevent those names being general names. The using a name to connote attributes, turns the things, whether real or imaginary, into a class. Genus, Species, Differentia, Proprium, Accidens.
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