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Updated: June 5, 2025
The metal of the tubes is somewhat thicker at the end next the fire, being 13 wire gauge at fire box end, and 14 wire gauge at smoke box end. The rivets of the boiler are 3/4 inch diameter and 1-1/2 inch pitch. The plating of the ash pan is 5/16ths of an inch thick, and the plating of the smoke box is 3/16ths of an inch thick.
Q. Are marine constructed in the same way as land boilers? A. There is very little difference in the two cases: the whole of the shells of marine boilers, however, should be double riveted with rivets 11/16ths of an inch in diameter, and 2-3/8th inches from centre to centre, the weakening effect of double riveting being much less than that of single riveting.
The width of the packing space round the trunnions is 5/8ths of an inch, and the diameter of the pipe passing through the trunnion 4-5/8ths, which leaves 11/16ths for the thickness of the metal of the bearing.
A. The air pump is made of brass 12-1/2 inches diameter and 42 inches stroke, and the metal of the barrel is 9/16ths of an inch thick. The air pump bucket is a solid piston of brass, 6-1/2 inches deep at the edge, and 7 inches deep at the eye; and in the edge three grooves are turned to hold water which answers the purpose of packing.
The diameter of the barrel commonly varies from 3 ft. to 3 ft. 6 inches; the diameter of the rivets should be from 11/16ths to 3/4ths of an inch, and the pitch of the rivets or distance between their centres should be from 17/8th to 2 inches. Q. How are the fire boxes of a locomotive constructed?
In the cylinders of Penn's 12 horse power engines, the diameter of cylinder being 21-1/2 inches, the thickness of the metal is 9/16ths: in Penn's 40 inch cylinders, the thickness is 1 inch, and in the engines of the Ripon, Pottinger, and Indus, by Messrs. Miller, Ravenhill and Co., with cylinders 76 inches diameter, the thickness of the metal is 1-11/16. These are all oscillating engines.
It will require a length of 3.2 inches of the boiler when the plates are 5/16ths thick to make up a sectional area of one square inch, and the separating force will be 39 times 3.2 multiplied by 80, which makes the separating force 9,984 lbs., sustained by two square inches of sectional area one on each side; or the strain is 4,992 lbs. per square inch of sectional area, which is quite as great strain as is advisable.
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