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Updated: June 11, 2025
General Scott and Governor Reynolds were the commissioners on the part of the United States to make treaties with the Sacs, Foxes, Winnebagoes, Sioux, and Menomonees. The leading man among the Indians was Ke-o-Kuck, a Sac chief, who was of commanding appearance, eloquent in speech, and a brave warrior.
They were instructed, to require that the Winnebagoes, Potawatamies and Kickapoos, should leave him and return to their respective tribes; that all the stolen horses in their possession should be delivered up; that the murderers of the whites should either be surrendered or satisfactory proof offered that they were not under his control.
There were some two or three hundred of these stragglers Winnebagoes, chiefly, about Prairie du Chien men, women, and children, many of whom had scarcely the fragments of a filthy blanket to hide their nakedness or screen them from the cold strolling and straggling about in squads of from two to a half dozen each, begging for whiskey, or cold potatoes, or crusts of bread.
In the spring the troops returned, and Fort Gaines rechristened Fort Ripley was occupied on the thirteenth of April, 1849. But this post alone was unable to keep the Winnebagoes in check.
We therefore regularly, every evening immediately before dusk, took up our line of march for the opposite side of the river, and repaired to quarters that had been assigned us within the garrison, leaving our own house and chattels to the care of the Frenchmen and our friends the Winnebagoes.
The Menomonies were on the river which bears their name; the Pottawattamies and Winnebagoes were near the borders of the bay; the Sacs on Fox River; the Mascoutins, Miamis, and Kickapoos, on the same river, above Lake Winnebago; and the Outagamies, or Foxes, on a tributary of it flowing from the north.
There are two schools for this tribe, having on the rolls two hundred and seventeen scholars, the average attendance being ninety. The stray bands of Winnebagoes, Chippewas, and Pottawatomies number about sixteen hundred.
There are many Potawatamies and Ottawas, as also Winnebagoes and Menomonees, who may be easily induced to move into Canada by seductive bribes, in the use of which the British Government has always displayed a remarkable foresight.
I asked them if they knew where there was a safe place for our women and children. They told us that they would send two old men with us to guide us to a good safe place. I arranged war parties to send out in different directions, before I proceeded further. The Winnebagoes went alone.
Great efforts have been made to induce those Indians, as also the Winnebagoes, to move south of the Missouri, but without effect, their opposition to it being apparently insurmountable, the Potawatamies expressing the most decided aversion to it on being urged to join other bands of Potawatamies on the Marais de Cygne, declaring that they would rather at once go to California, being determined not to unite with those bands, but to maintain an independence of them.
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