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Updated: May 8, 2025
The dark interior of this and of the three preceding formations render them easily traceable under a high angle of illumination. HANSEN. A ring-plain, 32 miles in diameter, on the W. border of the Mare Crisium N. of Condorcet. Schmidt shows a central mountain and a terraced wall.
EUDOXUS. A bright deep ring-plain, about 40 miles in diameter, in the hilly region between the Mare Serenitatis and the Mare Frigoris, with a border much broken by passes, and deviating considerably from circularity.
LOCKYER. A prominent deep ring-plain, 32 miles in diameter, with massive bright lofty walls, standing just outside the S.E. border of Janssen. Schmidt shows a minute crater on the S. rim. I have seen a crater within, at the inner foot of the W. wall, and a central peak.
Both these objects are incomplete on the N., as if they had been deformed by a "fault," which has apparently affected the N. end of Kepler also. Kepler is the centre of one of the most extended systems of bright streaks on the moon's visible surface. BESSARION. A bright little ring-plain, about 6 miles in diameter, in the Oceanus Procellarum N. of Kepler.
Too near the limb for observation. LAVOISIER. A small bright walled-plain N. of Ulugh Beigh. It has a somewhat dark interior. West of it is Lavoisier A, a ring-plain about 14 miles in diameter. Both are too near the limb for useful observation. GERARD. A large enclosure close to the limb, still farther N., containing a long ridge and a crater.
PICCOLOMINI. A ring-plain of a very massive type, about 57 miles in diameter, S. of Fracastorius, with complex and prominently terraced walls, surmounted by very many peaks; one of which on the E. attains a height of 14,000 feet, and another, N. of it, on the same side, an altitude of 15,000 feet above the interior.
At its W. termination there is a crater-row running at right angles to it. The light area appears to be bounded on the E. by a low curved bank. VITRUVIUS. A ring-plain 19 miles in diameter with bright but not very lofty walls, situated among the mountains near the S.W. side of the Mare Serenitatis. It is surrounded by a region remarkable for its great variability in brightness.
The position of this object in Schmidt's chart is not accordant with its place in Beer and Madler's map, nor in that of Neison. HAHN. A ring-plain, 46 miles in diameter, with a fine central mountain and lofty peaks on the border, which is not continuous on the S. There is a large and prominent crater on the E.
ERATOSTHENES. A noble ring-plain, 38 miles in diameter; a worthy termination of the Apennines. The best view of it is obtained under morning illumination when the interior is about half-filled with shadow. The central mountain is made up of two principal peaks, nearly central, from which two bright curved hills extend nearly up to the N.W. wall, the whole forming a V-shaped arrangement.
LICHTENBERG. A conspicuous little ring-plain, about 12 miles in diameter, in an isolated position on the Mare, some distance N. of Briggs. It was here that Madler records having occasionally noticed a pale reddish tint, which, though often searched for, has not been subsequently seen. ULUGH BEIGH. A good-sized ring-plain, E. of the last, with a bright border and central mountain.
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