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The track is double, the rails very heavy and admirably ballasted, station-houses and engine-houses are splendid in build, perfect in arrangement, and surrounded by neat gardens. The whole work is worthy of the Pyramid-builders. The traveller is whirled by culverts, abutments, and walls of dressed granite, through cuttings where the earth on either side is carefully paved or turfed to the summit.

The Egyptian bureaucracy was already ancient and had its survivals and its anomalies even as early as the time of the pyramid-builders.

In Egypt at the time of the pyramid-builders, and in Babylonia at the same epoch, the people had developed systems of writing that enabled them not merely to present a limited range of ideas pictorially, but to express in full elaboration and with finer shades of meaning all the ideas that pertain to highly cultured existence.

There can be no doubt whatever that the predynastic boats were not seagoing galleys. It was probably not till the time of the pyramid-builders that connection between the Greek Mediterraneans and the Nilotes was re-established.

Some, we are told, rise so high that they might even cast a flicker of shadow upon the summit of the Pyramid of Cheops. Yet the oldest of them doubtless grew from seed which was shed long after the names of the pyramid-builders had been forgotten. So far as we can judge from the actual counting of the layers of several trees, no Sequoia now alive sensibly antedates the Christian era.

"The world suffers too much now from overcrowded population to permit a man to claim standing-room three thousand years after his death, especially when the claim is for some acres apiece, as in the case of these pyramid-builders. Will you go back with me?"

But with regard to his successors no such supposition seemed probable, until the time of Sneferu and the pyramid-builders. This was the critical view. Another school of historians accepted all the kings of the lists as historical en bloc, simply because the Egyptians had registered their names as kings. To them Teta, Ateth, and Ata were as historical as Mena.

Petrie has shown that the unit of measurement represented in it is the cubit of the pyramid-builders of Egypt. The diorite of Sinai was not the only material which was imported into Babylonia for the buildings of Gudea.

The gods punished unrighteousness and inhumanity. In the age of the pyramid-builders, family life was not wanting in purity; the wife and mother was held in respect: monogamy prevailed. Ma-t was the goddess of truth: in the myth of Osiris, it is in her hall that the dead are judged. THE PRIESTS. The priests are the guardians of religious rites.

The geometry of Egypt and the astronomy of Babylon remained where the necessity of the pyramid-builders and the superstition of the astrologers had carried them. Even the art of war was in a rudimental stage. In battle, huge multitudes were precipitated upon one another. There are some evidences of strategy, when we reach the campaigns of Cyrus.