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Updated: June 21, 2025
The great privilege of a military autocrat, that he is his own Cabinet, Commander-in-Chief, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, that he is everywhere personally in service with his army, gives him an enormous advantage for the speedy and timely performance of military duties, but it makes him incapable of obtaining from Olynthus the truce he longs for.
The Athenians, unaided by their Allies, abandon Athens, and embark for Salamis. The irresolute and selfish Policy of the Peloponnesians. Dexterity and Firmness of Themistocles. Battle of Salamis. Andros and Carystus besieged by the Greeks. Anecdotes of Themistocles. Honours awarded to him in Sparta. Xerxes returns to Asia. Olynthus and Potidaea besieged by Artabazus. The Athenians return Home.
In the year following, Athens made great exertions in behalf of Olynthus, and amid great financial embarrassments. Three expeditions were sent into Chalcidia, under the command of Chares, numbering altogether four thousand Athenians and ten thousand mercenaries.
It was the most convenient maritime station in Thrace, and threw open to him all the country east of the Strymon, and especially the gold region near Mount Pangreus. This place henceforward became one of the bulwarks of Macedonia, until the Roman conquest. He deprived her of her hold upon the Thermaic Gulf, conquered Pydna and Potidæa, and conciliated Olynthus.
The allies had chosen Aristeus general of all the infantry; while the command of the cavalry was given to Perdiccas, who had at once left the alliance of the Athenians and gone back to that of the Potidaeans, having deputed Iolaus as his general: The plan of Aristeus was to keep his own force on the isthmus, and await the attack of the Athenians; leaving the Chalcidians and the allies outside the isthmus, and the two hundred cavalry from Perdiccas in Olynthus to act upon the Athenian rear, on the occasion of their advancing against him; and thus to place the enemy between two fires.
The once haughty Thebes was now enrolled a member of the Lacedaemonian alliance, and furnished her contingent the grateful offering of the new Theban government for the war which Sparta was prosecuting with redoubled vigour against Olynthus.
And a little after: "Not only with those who have proceeded well, and are become proficients in discipline and good manners, as with Leucon and Hydanthyrsus." Some there are who blame Callisthenes for sailing to Alexander in hopes to obtain the rebuilding of Olynthus, as Aristotle had procured that of Stagira; and commend Ephorus, Xenocrates, and Menedemus, who rejected Alexander's solicitation.
The irresolute and selfish Policy of the Peloponnesians. Dexterity and Firmness of Themistocles. Battle of Salamis. Andros and Carystus besieged by the Greeks. Anecdotes of Themistocles. Honours awarded to him in Sparta. Xerxes returns to Asia. Olynthus and Potidaea besieged by Artabazus. The Athenians return Home. The Ostracism of Aristides is repealed.
Hostilities broke out in the year 350 B.C., and Demosthenes put forward all his eloquence to excite his countrymen to vigorous war. Athens, partially aroused, sent a body of mercenaries to the assistance of Olynthus, one of the most flourishing of the cities of Chalcidia, southeast of Macedonia.
Being at a loss which of the two risks to choose, whether to go to Olynthus or to Potidaea, he at last determined to draw his men into as small a space as possible, and force his way with a run into Potidaea. Not without difficulty, through a storm of missiles, he passed along by the breakwater through the sea, and brought off most of his men safe, though a few were lost.
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