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I. e., the increase of self-government granted India by Britain as a result of the Montagu-Chelmsford Report. E. Bevan, "The Reforms in India," The New Europe, January 29, 1920. Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans, p. 58. The assembly of religious notables. A. H. Lybyer, "The Turkish Parliament," Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol.
A. H. Lybyer, "The Turkish Parliament," Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, Vol. VII., p. 67 . Vambéry, op. cit., p. 307.
From all this Professor Lybyer concludes: "The Turkish Parliament may therefore be regarded, not as a complete innovation, but as an enlargement and improvement of familiar institutions."
III , ch. iv; A. H. Lybyer, The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent ; Stanley Lane-Poole, Turkey in the "Story of the Nations" Series; Nicolae Jorga, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches; Leopold von Ranke, Die Osmanen und die spanische Monarchie im sechzehnten und siebzehnten Jahrhundert; Joseph von Hammer, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, 2d ed., 4 vols.
For the Ottoman Turks and the Balkan peoples: Stanley Lane-Poole, Turkey , in "Story of the Nations" Series, best brief introduction; A. H. Lybyer, The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent ; Prince and Princess Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, The Servian People, their Past Glory and their Destiny, 2 vols. , particularly Vol.
Regarding the Young-Turk revolution of 1908, Professor Lybyer remarks: "Turkey was not so unprepared for parliamentary institutions as might at first sight appear. There lay hidden some precedent, much preparation, and a strong desire, for parliamentary government. Both the religious and the secular institutions of Turkey involve precedents for a parliament.
In fine, no subsequent distortions could entirely obliterate the fact that primitive Islam was the supreme expression of a freedom-loving folk whose religion must necessarily contain many liberal tendencies. Even the sheriat, or canon law, is, as Professor Lybyer states, "fundamentally democratic and opposed in essence to absolutism."
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