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Updated: June 14, 2025
Once produced they are absolutely constant. I have tried many thousands of seeds from various dwarf mutants, and never observed any trace of reversion to the lamarckiana type. I have also cultivated them in successive generations with the same result.
They are hardly inferior to those of the lamarckiana, and agree with them in structure. When they fade away the spike is rapidly lengthened, and often becomes much longer than the lower or vegetative part of the stem. The dwarfs are one of the most common mutations in my garden, and were observed in the native locality and also grown from seeds saved there.
Hundreds of thousands of seeds are produced by lamarckiana annually in the field, and only some slow increase of the number of specimens can be observed. Many seeds do not find the proper circumstances for germination, or the young seedlings are destroyed by lack of water, of air, or of space. Thousands of them are so crowded when becoming rosettes that only a few succeed in producing stems.
The stigmas themselves are of a different shape, more flattened and not cylindrical. The pollen falls from the anthers abundantly on them, and germinates in the ordinary manner. The ovary which in lamarckiana and in all other new forms is wholly underneath the calyx-tube, is here only partially so. This tube is inserted at some distance under its summit.
The plant was first described by Lamarck from plants grown in the gardens of the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, under the name OE. grandiflora, which had been introduced by Solander from Alabama, but Seringe subsequently decided that Lamarck's species was distinct from grandiflora, and named it Lamarckiana.
Gates states that Michaux was in the habit of collecting seeds with his specimens, and that it is therefore highly probable that Lamarck's specimens were grown directly from seeds collected in America by Michaux. Gates considers that the suggestion of the hybrid origin of Lamarckiana in culture is thus finally disposed of.
In connection with these characters, the flower-buds are seen to be much stouter than those of lamarckiana. The fruits attain only half the normal size, but are broader and contain fewer, but larger seeds. The rubrinervis is in many respects a counterpart to the gigasv, but its stature is more slender. The spikes and flowers are those of the lamarckianav, but the bracts are narrower.
O. biennis and O. muricata have their stigmas in immediate contact with the anthers within the flower-buds, and as the anthers open in the morning preceding the evening of the display of the petals, fecundation is usually accomplished before the insects are let in. But in O. lamarckiana no such self-fertilization takes place.
The fact seems to be, according to other parts of Gates's volume, that there are various races of Lamarckiana in English gardens and in the Isle of Wight, as well as in Sweden, etc., and that these races differ from one another less than the mutants of De Vries and his followers. An important point about these mutations is that their production is a constant feature of Lamarckiana.
Hundreds or thousands of seedlings may have arisen, but they always come true and never revert to the original O. lamarckiana type. From this they have inherited the condition of mutability, either completely or partly, and according to this they may be able to produce new forms themselves.
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