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Further south the Tihamah Mountains begin with the peaky Jebel el-Kurr, another remarkable block which has long been in sight. Its neighbour is the bluff-headed Jebel el-Wasil of Marwat; whilst the trap-blocks, already mentioned as the Jibal el-'Akabil, finish the circle.
We have noted the accidents of the latter as far as Dumayghah Cove, and now we descry in the offing the misty forms how small they look! of the Jebel el-Ward; the Jibal el-Safhah; the two blocks, south of the Wady Hamz, known as the Jibal el-Ral; and their neighbours still included in the Tihamat-Balawiyyah.
They therefore established a blockade of all the coast-line between Siyareh and Jibal Elmas, demanding, as the only alternative by which it would be raised, the surrender of the principal instigators of the outrage on us for trial in Aden, of whom the first in consequence was Ou Ali, the murderer of Stroyan.
Lastly, a regular ascent, the Majra el-Waghir, fronts the city, sloping up to the west-north-west, and discloses a view of the Jibal el-Tihamah: this broad incline was, some three centuries ago, the route of the Hajj-caravan. We walked down the Shaghab valley-bed, whose sides, like those of the Damah, are chevaux de frise of dead wood.
Further south we have noted how this tall eastern bulwark of the great Wady el-'Arabah bifurcates; forming the Shafah chain to the east, and westward of it, in Madyan Proper, the Jibal el-Tihamah, of which the Sharr is perhaps the culmination.
We then bent eastward towards the Jibal el-Salbah, and examined the two dwarf valleys which, threading the heights, feed the Wady Dumayghah. That to the south showed us a perfectly familiar formation; conglomerates of water-rolled pebbles in the lower levels, and hills of the normal dark porphyries, with large quartz-seams of many colours trending in every direction.
The largest links of these West-Arabian Ghats are of white-grey granite, veined and striped with quartz; and they are subtended inland by the porphyritic traps of the Jibal el-Shafah, which we shall trace to the parallel of El-Hamz, the end of Egypt. All are maritime, now walling the shore, like the Tayyib Ism; then sheering away from it, where a broad "false coast" has been built by Time.
Northernmost, and prolonging the Libn, that miniature Sharr, is the regular wall of the Jebel el-Ward; then come the peaks and pinnacles of the Jibal el-Safhah; and lastly, the twin blocks El-Ral, between which passes the Egyptian Hajj when returning from El-Medinah. Faint resemblances of these features sprawl, like huge caterpillars, over the Hydrographic Chart, but all sprawl unnamed.
Thus, for instance, Yakubi indicates that the inhabitants of Isfahan, Merv, and Herat, consisted mainly of high-born Dehkans. Makdisi notices a considerable number of fire-worshippers in several provinces of Persia, for instance, Irak and Jibal. Relate that the inhabitants of several localities of Kerman during the entire Umayyad period openly professed Mazdaism.
The sandy and stony maritime region, the foot-hills of the Ghats, granites and traps with large veins and outcrops of quartz; and Wadys lined with thick beds of conglomerate. 2. The Jibal el-Tihamah, the majestic range that bounds the seaboard inland, with its broad valleys and narrow gorges forming the only roads. 3.
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