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Still more widely cultivated is the shrub called Cephalotaxus pedunculata fastigiata, and more commonly known under its old name of Podocarpus koraiana. It is a low shrub, with broadly linear leaves of a clear green. In the species the leaves are arranged in two rows, one to the left and one to the right of the horizontally growing and widely spreading branches.
Other instances could easily be added, though of course some of the most highly prized broom-like trees are so old that nothing is known about their origin. This, for instance, is the case with the pyramidal yew-tree, Taxus baccata fastigiata. Others have been found wild, as already mentioned in a former lecture.
Turres sunt fastigiata, ultra celsitudinem omnnem, qua fieri manu possit; itaque mensuram umbrarum egressa, nullas habent umbras, regum pecunia otiosa ac stulta ostentatio. Reliqua urbes sunt, Syene, Sais, Bubastis, Elephantis, Tentyris, Arsinoe et Abydus, Memnonis olim regia; postea Osiris fano inclyta: et Arabia contermina, claritatis magna Heliopolis, id est, Solis urbs.
It is curious to note that the analogous variety of the European yew, Taxus baccata fastigiata, though much more commonly cultivated than the Cephalotaxus, never reverts, at least as far as I have been able to ascertain. This clearly corroborates the explanation given above.
Weeping varieties of ashes were found wild in England and in Germany, and broom-like oaks, Quercus pedunculata fastigiata, are recorded from Hessen-Darmstadt, Calabria, the Pyrenees and other localities. About the real origin of all these varieties nothing is definitely known. The "single-leaved" strawberry is a variety often seen in botanical gardens, as it is easily propagated by its runners.
L. tulipifera integrifolia has entire leaves, which render it distinct from the type; L. tulipifera fastigiata, or pyramidalis, is of erect growth; L. tulipifera aurea, with golden foliage; and L. tulipifera crispa, with the leaves curiously undulated a peculiarity which seems constant, but is more curious than beautiful.
They are ordinarily called pyramidal or fastigiate forms, and as far as their history goes, they arise suddenly in large sowings of the normal species. The fastigiate birch was produced in this way by Baumann, the Abies concolor fastigiata by Thibault and Keteleer at Paris, the pyramidal cedar by Paillat, the analogous form of Wellingtonia by Otin.
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