Vietnam or Thailand ? Vote for the TOP Country of the Week !
Updated: May 25, 2025
The nomenclature of these various officers and of the different duties they had to levy, varying as it did with regard to locality, and more especially with regard to time the Franks introducing an entirely new set of names for institutions often identical in character to those displaced presents an amount of confusion which, fortunately, it is not necessary for us to endeavor to penetrate; but, having stated the foregoing general conviction with regard to the fiscal system, we will now pass on to a consideration of some of the lesser offices held within each civitas by the deputies and subordinates of the dux.
We saw a large brick jail in castellated style, with battlements, a very barren and dreary-looking edifice; likewise, in the more central part of the town, a Guildhall with a handsome front, ornamented with a statue of Queen Anne above the entrance, and statues of Charles I. and Charles II. on either side of the door, with the motto, "Floreat semper civitas fidelis."
We must now consider the nature of these exceptions. Under the Lombard system we have seen the administrative unit of the state to be the civitas, with its administrative head, the dux, at different times enjoying a greater or less degree of independence from control of the central power.
In the Lombard system, at the head of each civitas, as lord and as judge, was the dux, or duke.
The motives for this advance we have seen to be no higher ones than convenience and expediency, which made the urbs of every civitas the natural centre of its local administration, thereby in fact, if in no way by law, restoring to it some of the elements of individuality, if not of pre-eminence, which it had lost.
The origin of Campanella's Civitas Solis is not expressly stated, but there can be no doubt that he conceived its institutions as created by the fiat of a single lawgiver. What measure of liberty Bacon would have granted to the people of his perfect state we cannot say; his work breaks off before he comes to describe their condition.
Upon the table was a hurried farewell of that General to the scenes of his, discomfiture, written in a Latin worthy of Juan Vargas: "Vale civitas, valete castelli parvi, qui relicti estis propter aquam et non per vim inimicorum!"
But now it is exemption from public burdens, etc., that is made prominent, in addition to a complete severance from all jurisdiction and control of the secular power of the civitas in which the bishop's see and domains are situated.
Vale civitas, valete castelli parvi; relicti estis propter aquam et non per vim inimicorum! Oh! the donkey 'Castelli parvi!" "What does it mean?" asked the Beggar. "Farewell, Leyden, farewell, ye little 'Castelli; ye are abandoned on account of the waves, and not of the power of the enemy. 'Parvi Castelli! I must tell mother that!"
They show also that he had been impressed by the Civitas Dei of Augustine, and had at least dipped into Terence and Horace, Cicero and Tacitus. His subsequent writings prove that, like the other men of letters of his day, he found in our own literature the chief external stimulant to thought.
Word Of The Day
Others Looking