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If he came to Polotzk, there were then eleven capmakers where only one could make a living. Merchants fared like the artisans. They, too, could buy the right of residence outside the Pale, permanent or temporary, on conditions that gave them no real security. I was proud to have an uncle who was a merchant of the First Guild, but it was very expensive for my uncle.
It included "tailoresses, plain and coarse sewing, shirt makers, book-folders and stickers, capmakers, straw-workers, dressmakers, crimpers, fringe and lacemakers," and other trades open to women "who were like oppressed." The New York Herald reported "about 700 females generally of the most interesting age and appearance" in attendance.
"People won't take their hands out of their pockets, lazy dogs! Everybody is striking, Jews with them. Unheard-of things! The bootmakers, the capmakers, the furriers! And now they say the tailors are going to strike; more fools, too, when the trade is so slack. If the Almighty is not good to us, we shall come to the Board of Guardians ourselves."
That, in brief, is the story of the campaign that discharged the devil as paymaster, and put his money out of circulation for good, let us all hope. In a Stanton Street tenement, the other day, I stumbled upon a Polish capmaker's home. There were other capmakers in the house, Russian and Polish, but they simply "lived" there. This one had a home.
Everybody was playing at soldier from one end of the country to the other. Capmakers became colonels, assuming the duties of generals; revolvers and daggers were displayed on large rotund bodies, enveloped in red sashes; common citizens turned warriors, commanding battalions of noisy volunteers, and swearing like troopers to emphasize their importance.
It is principally in the textile trade that we hear of both strikes and unions, but also among seamstresses and tailoresses, shoemakers and capmakers. New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Boston, Fall River and Lowell all contributed their quota of industrial uprisings among the exasperated and sorely pressed workers, with a sad similarity in the stories.
Weavers of woollen. Curriers. Building Trades: Carpenters, wrights and joiners. Plasterers. Tilers. Ironmongers. Painters. Glaziers. Cooks and waterleaders. Vintners and taverners. Sauce-makers. Outfitting Trades: Tailors. Glovers. Hosiers. Hatmakers. Capmakers. Saddlers. Girdlers and nailers. Armour Trades: Armourers. Smiths. Cf. Household Trades: Coopers. Pewterers and founders. Potters.
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