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Updated: June 18, 2025
INJURIES: Contusion; Sprain; Rupture Hernia of muscle Dislocation of tendons Wounds Avulsion of tendon. DISEASES OF MUSCLE AND OF TENDONS: Atrophy; "Muscular rheumatism" Fibrositis; Contracture; Myositis; Calcification and Ossification; Tumours. DISEASES OF TENDON SHEATHS: Teno-synovitis.
Locher has cited an instance of avulsion of the finger with restitution of the avulsed portion; and Brulet, Van Esh, Farmer, Ponteau, Regnault, and Rosenberg cite instances of reunion of a digit after amputation or severance. Eve's "Remarkable Cases in Surgery" contains many instances of reunion of both fingers and thumbs, and in more recent years several other similar cases have been reported.
The patient landed on his feet, the blood spurting from each brachial artery in a large stream. His fellow-workmen, without delay, wound a piece of rope around each bleeding member, and the man recovered after primary amputation of each stump. Will gives an excellent instance of avulsion of the right arm and scapula in a girl of eighteen, who was caught in flax-spinning machinery.
But if they are not assured of this, it would be certainly unwise, by trying the event of another campaign, to risk our accepting a foreign aid, which perhaps may not be obtainable but on condition of everlasting avulsion from Great Britain. This would be thought a hard condition to those who still wish for reunion with their parent country.
It is probable that in these cases the soft parts of the 3d phalanx, and especially the ungual matrix, had not been wholly destroyed. In his lectures Chevalier speaks of analogous cases. In some instances avulsion of a finger is effected in a peculiar manner. In 1886 Anche reported to his confreres in Bordeaux a rare accident of this nature that occurred to a carpenter.
Belchier, Carmichael, and Clough report instances of this nature, and, in the latter case, the progress of healing was unaccompanied by any uncomfortable symptoms. In the last century Hunezoysky observed complete avulsion of the arm by a cannon-ball, without the slightest hemorrhage.
Thucydides clearly describes the effect of earthquakes upon coast-lines of the Grecian Archipelago, similar to that which took place in the case of the earthquake of Lisbon, the sea first retiring and afterwards inundating the shore. Pliny supposed that it was by earthquake avulsion that islands were naturally formed.
The force exerted by the cog drawing on the rope was sufficient to avulse his whole arm and shoulder-blade. There was comparatively little hemorrhage and the man was insensible to pain; being so dazed and surprised he really was unconscious of the nature of his injury until he saw his arm in the wheel. According to Billroth the avulsion of an arm is usually followed by fatal shock.
Skin grafting of raw surfaces is commonly indicated after operations for malignant disease in which considerable areas of skin must be sacrificed, and after accidents, such as avulsion of the scalp by machinery.
Smellie has recorded an instance in which, after avulsion of a nipple in suckling, restitution was effected. It is not alone to the skin that grafting is applicable; it is used in the cornea, nerves, muscles, bones, tendons, and teeth.
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