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Updated: June 27, 2025
Neison and some other selenographers place in a distinct class certain of the smaller ring-plains which usually have a steeper outer slope, and are supposed to present clearer indications of a volcanic origin than the ring-plains, terming them "Crater-plains."
VEGA. Schmidt represents this peculiar formation, situated S.E. of Oken, as having a regular curved unbroken rampart on the E., while the opposite border is occupied by four large partially overlapping ring-plains, two of which contain small craters. The floor is devoid of detail.
The two more easterly of the large ring-plains are connected by a cleft, and there are several short clefts and crater-rows associated with the smaller ring-plains. On the N. side of the area is a number of minute craters.
KINAU. One of the group of remarkable ring-plains extending in a N.W. direction from Pentland. SIMPELIUS. Another grand circumvallation, almost as large as Pentland, but unfortunately much foreshortened. One of its peaks on the E. rises to a height of more than 12,000 feet above the floor, on which there is a small central mountain.
HAINZEL. This remarkable formation, which is about 55 miles in greatest length, but is hardly half so broad, derives its abnormal shape from the partial coalescence of two nearly equal ring-plains, the walls of both being very lofty, more than 10,000 feet. It ought to be observed under a morning sun when the floor is about half illuminated.
The moon was journeyed over at every opportunity, with her silvery, pumice-like craters, and greyish-bottomed ring-plains, surrounded by their mighty walls of twelve to seventeen thousand feet in height.
On the N. is a large peculiar depressed plain with a gently sloping wall, within which are three short rill-like valleys and a crater. MERSENIUS. With its extensive rill-system and interesting surroundings, one of the most notable ring-plains in the third quadrant.
RING-PLAINS. These are by far the most numerous of the ramparted enclosures of the moon, and though it is occasionally difficult to decide in which class, walled-plain or ring-plain, some objects should be placed, yet, as a rule, the difference between the structural character of the two is abundantly obvious.
Its N. limits are marked by a number of overlapping ring-plains and craters, and it is much broken elsewhere by smaller depressions. The E. wall is about 7000 feet in height. GEMMA FRISIUS. A great composite walled-plain, 80 miles or more in length from N. to S., with a wall rising at one place nearly 14,000 feet above the floor.
Schmidt remarks that this incomparable object combines nearly all the characteristics of the other ring-plains, and that careful study directed to its unequalled beauties and magnificent form is of much more value than that devoted to a hundred other objects of the same class.
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