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47 23 Noiraud: 'Blacky, a pet name often given to animals. 48 1 réclamant ... Mustapha: 'shouting for her donkey till all the echos of Mustapha rang. Réclamer a = 'to demand from. 48 11 Va te promener! lit. 'go take a walk! transl. 48 17 l'on s'entendit: cf. note to 16 29.

He surrendered in 1847, was carried to France as a prisoner by a breach of faith, was released in 1852 on his oath to make no more trouble, went to Damascus and lived there till his death in 1883, using his influence in favor of the French. 50 19 de toute la route: 'during the whole ride, 'all the way.

After the death of Charles IX. she again became regent for a short time till the return of Henry III. Never did Italian craftiness and cruelty wield such influence in France. At last, however, the people grew weary of the rule of the foreigner, and Catherine's later years were marked by the loss of all political power.

The conquest by Turkish pirates about 1500 A.D., with subordination to the Sultan of Turkey till 1669, brought in very few Turks; the pirates were a mixture of various Mohammedan nations with renegades from the Christian nations. The "Moors" of to-day in Algeria are their descendants; the ancient Moors were Berbers.

Mistral said that the real Tartarin lived at Nîmes, eighteen miles from Tarascon, to the west of the Rhone, and was no other than Raynaud, Daudet's own cousin. Raynaud recognized himself in Tartarin and became very angry with Daudet; the reconciliation between the cousins was not effected till toward the end of the novelist's life."

52 29 cité: 'city. This term, in English as well as in French, is applied in some cases to the oldest portion of a city, eg 'the City' of London, 'the City' of Paris. 53 3 janissaires: 'janizaries, the standing army of Turkey till 1826; a corps of most turbulent history, full of lawless arrogance toward civilians and Christians.

Charles V. selected this palace as his residence in 1347, and it served as the abode of the royal family till the reign of Louis XIV., who preferred Versailles. Since the days of the Empire it has been used as a museum.

Espiègle. On peut admirer comment une langue sait faire de la grâce et de l'agrément avec un mot qui semblait ne pas s'y prêter. Il y a en allemand un vieux livre intitulé Till Ulspiegle, qui décrit la vie d'un homme ingénieux en petites fourberies. Remarquons que Ulespiegel signifie miroir de chouette. Laissant de côté ce qui pouvait se rencontrer de peu convenable dans les faits et gestes du personnage, notre langue en a tiré le joli mot espiègle, qui ne porte

Dedans, dedans, dehors et dedans Souffle le vent et se tord l'ajonc, l'Exil du Jacobite: O! La Loire et la Seine ont un cours imposant, et la noire Durance, un flot bruyant, mais les landes de la Tyne ont un éclat plus beau que toutes les campagnes de la France Et les vagues de Till qui parlent si bas, ont des reflets plus doux, partout elles brillent.