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Actualizado: 19 de julio de 2025
Pedro, the lackey suitor of doña María, known to him as Isabel, is the prototype of the modern "chulo" whose traits can be traced in his every word and action. Disappointed in his love-making, he loses none of his characteristics of braggadocio and willingly assumes the rôle of defender of Isabel although he himself has been maltreated by the bellicose "moza de cántaro."
And Spain has to-day a group of vigorous young writers, who give promise of carrying the work forward to an even greater future. Spanish America has done little work of merit in prose fiction, but it has produced much lyric poetry. If we may believe the statements of Juan Valera in his Cartas americanas, the Spanish Americans have written more good verse than have the English Americans.
The garnacha was a little larger than the cambaleo and could represent four plays and several autos and entremeses. The bojiganga represented as many as six comedias and a number of autos and entremeses, had some approach at regular costumes, and traveled on horseback. The farándula was composed of from ten to fifteen players, was well equipped and traveled with some ease.
Besides the defenders of these schools there was an infinite variety of lesser lights who wrote all sorts of plays from the grossest farces to the dullest Latin dramas. Before taking up the discussion of the works of the mighty genius who was to establish the popular drama, it is well to give a brief glance at the people who presented plays and the places in which they were given.
It was formerly believed, as related by Montalvan, that he returned from the University of Alcalá to Madrid about 1582, was married and, after a duel with a nobleman, was obliged to flee to Valencia, where he remained until he enlisted in the Invincible Armada in 1588, but recent research has proved the case to be quite otherwise.
España, prescindiendo de la resolución que en pos de los insultos puede venir, arrastrándonos fatalmente á una guerra sangrienta y ruinosa, y considerando sólo los insultos, conviene que los juzgue y condene con las palabras mismas del gran poeta inglés: «Tales told by idiots, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing».
In the present instance the Indiano is a bigoted, miserly fellow who seeks, at the least possible cost, position at the Spanish court and who employs doña María largely for motives of interest rather than through sympathy for her poverty-stricken condition.
V. los Frag. de Hairi y Hamabani, insertos en la Chrestomathie arabe de De Sacy, tomo III, págs. 167-272. Niebuhrs, Reise in Arabien, B. I. S. 151. Alexander Burnes, Travels into Bokhara, tomo II, pág. 329. Lane, Account, on the manners and customs of modern Egyptians. Sir H. J. Brydges, Mission to the court of Persia, tomo I, págs. 124 y siguientes.
Before this time he was known as a great author and worshiped by the element interested in the drama, but on both these occasions he had an opportunity to declaim his incomparable verses and those of the other contesting poets, revealing his majestic bearing and versatility to the great populace of Madrid, his native city.
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