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Mountebanks, gypsies, Tsiganes, Zingaris, mingled with merchants from Persia, Turkey, India, Turkestan, China, filled the court and offices of the police station.

On two occasions, the latter during the Boxer insurrection in 1900, Peking has been entered by the combined troops of European nations. The "Middle Kingdom" is China proper, but the "Son of Heaven" also rules over four dependencies, Eastern Turkestan, Mongolia, Manchuria, and Tibet.

Each of the great epidemics of it 1830-33, 1836-37, 1847-48, and, of most vivid and unblessed memory, 1889-90 can be traced in its stately march completely across the civilized world, beginning, as do nearly all our world-epidemics, cholera, plague, influenza, etc., in China, and spreading, via India or Turkestan, to Russia, Berlin, London, New York, Chicago.

All this rich country is watered by the Mourgab the White Water or its tributaries, and pheasants swarm like crows on the plains of Normandy. At one o'clock in the afternoon the train stopped at Merv Station, over five hundred miles from Uzun Ada. The town has been often destroyed and rebuilt. The wars of Turkestan have not spared it.

The territories of the state of Ch'in, the present Shensi and eastern Kansu, were from a geographical point of view transit regions, closed off in the north by steppes and deserts and in the south by almost impassable mountains. All traffic from and to Turkestan had to take this route.

In this expedition the Mongals are said to have penetrated to the Caspian mountains, which being of adamant, attracted their arrows and other weapons of iron . The Kirguses, inhabiting Western Turkestan, between Lake Balkash and the Caspian. The remainder of this short section is so ridiculously fabulous as not to merit translation, and is therefore omitted.

There was a view of a group of European houses rising along a promontory, with a church tower in the midst of them. The "Albatross" swooped down towards the surface of the sea. Towards evening she was running along the coast which formerly belonged to Turkestan, but now belongs to Russia and in the morning of the 3rd of July she was about three hundred feet above the Caspian.

An Indian servant came with a message, and the Minister invited Heideck to drive with him to the Maharajah. They entered an open carriage horsed by two quick Turkestan horses.

Early in the nineteenth century the breath of the Mohammedan Revival reached China, as it did every other part of the Moslem world, and the Chinese Mohammedans, inflamed by resurgent fanaticism, began a series of revolts culminating in the great rebellions which took place about the year 1870, both in Yunnan and in Eastern Turkestan.

Seljuk was banished from Turkestan: with a numerous tribe of his friends and vassals, he passed the Jaxartes, encamped in the neighborhood of Samarcand, embraced the religion of Mahomet, and acquired the crown of martyrdom in a war against the infidels.