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Updated: June 15, 2025
The definition here given of Brahman is founded on the text Taitt. Up. III, 1, 'Bhrigu Varuni went to his father Varuna, saying, Sir, teach me Brahman', &c., up to 'That from which these beings are born, that by which when born they live, that into which they enter at their death, try to know that: that is Brahman. A doubt arises here.
It is true indeed that in this latter case the word 'Brahman' occurs twice; while in the Taitt. text the word 'sambhuta' occurs once only, and has to be carried over from the first clause into the subsequent ones; but this makes no difference, for, in the case of such carrying over of a word, no less than in the case of actual repetition, the general denotation of the word is repeated.
This however is not feasible for those who do not admit a highest Self free from all imperfection and endowed with all perfections, and different from that intelligent soul which is conditioned by Nescience, involved in endless suffering and undergoing alternate states of purity and impurity. The connected meaning of the text is as follows. This is clearly stated in the passage Taitt. Up.
Taitt. Up. II, 1, 'from fire sprang water, from water earth. All this proves that the term 'food' denotes earth, and that hence earth originates from water.
We deny the conclusion of the Purvapakshin, on the ground of there being abundance of bliss in the highest Brahman, and 'abundance' being one of the possible meanings of -maya. Since bliss such as described in the Taitt.
And also in the section under discussion the passage 'Having entered into them with this living Self let me evolve names and forms, shows that it is only through the entering into them of the living soul whose Self is Brahman, that all things possess their substantiality and their connexion with the words denoting them. And as this passage must be understood in connexion with Taitt. Up.
The text Taitt. Up. II, 1 refers to Brahman as devoid of qualities. But an objection is raised even the passage 'The True, knowledge, infinite is Brahman' intimates certain qualities of Brahman, viz. true being, knowledge, infinity! Not so, we reply.
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