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Updated: May 19, 2025
That of maintaining in the body a nutrient fluid for the cells. That of bringing the body into such relations with its surroundings as will enable it to secure materials for the nutrient fluid and satisfy its other needs. The first problem is internal and includes the so-called vital processes, known as digestion, circulation, respiration, and excretion.
Nutrient substances, fluid or solid, can scarcely be deficient in the tissues from such minute organisms.
A tapeworm as an example of internal parasites is an extremely degenerate form which lacks a digestive tract, because this is superfluous in an animal which lives bathed in the nutrient fluids of its host. Comparing it in other respects with other low wormlike creatures, it appears to be a relative of peculiar simple worms with complete organization and independence of life.
Calhoun removed the cover from the other. It contained small and horrible squirming organisms, writhing in what was probably a nutrient fluid to which they could reduce human refuse. They swarm jerkily in it so that the liquid seemed to seethe. It smelled. Like skunk. The grid operator clenched his hands. "Put it away!" he commanded fiercely. "Out of sight! Away!" Calhoun nodded.
Thus it was found that although vitality was retained depending largely upon the number of bacilli for a short time, yet withdrawal of the nutrient fluid for an hour or even less often sufficed; and it never happened that the bacilli retained vitality after a deprivation lasting twenty-four hours.
The diaphysis is also nourished by numerous blood vessels from the periosteum, which penetrate the cortex through the Haversian canals and anastomose with those derived from the nutrient artery. The epiphyses are nourished by a separate system of blood vessels, derived from the arteries which supply the adjacent joint. The veins of the marrow are of large calibre and are devoid of valves.
An accurate and quick-to-respond indicator of how well we are doing in terms of getting enough nutrition is the state of our teeth. But when empty calories or devitalized foods or misdigestion cuts our nutrient intake we begin experiencing tooth decay, gum disease and bone loss in the jaw. How are your teeth?
Again, if the nutrient medium become acid in reaction their growth is checked, at least in gelatine and meat infusion; but singularly enough, they continue to grow on the surface of a boiled potato which has become acid, showing that all acids are not equally obnoxious to them. But here, as with other substances which hinder their growth, they do not kill the bacilli.
Abstinence, or rather anorexia, is naturally associated with numerous diseases, particularly of the febrile type; but in all of these the patient is maintained by the use of nutrient enemata or by other means, and the abstinence is never complete. A peculiar type of anorexia is that striking and remarkable digestive disturbance of hysteria which Sir William Gull has called anorexia nervosa.
By adding new material to the lymph and withdrawing waste material from it, the blood keeps this liquid in a suitable condition for supplying the needs of the cells. Supplementing each other in all respects, the blood and the lymph together form the nutrient cell fluid of the body.
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