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Updated: May 4, 2025
It is only experiments made in this way that can have any weight in deciding the question. Leaving now the theory of nitrification, I will proceed to say a few words, first, as to the distribution of the nitrifying organism in the soil; secondly, as to the substances which are susceptible of nitrification; thirdly, upon certain conditions having great influence on the process.
The nitrifying organism has been submitted as yet to but little microscopical study; it is apparently a micrococcus. It is difficult to conceive how the evidence for the ferment theory of nitrification could be further strengthened; it is apparently complete in every part.
The quantity of nitrifying organism present has also a marked effect. A solution receiving an abundant supply of the ferment will exhibit speedy nitrification, and strong solutions may by this means be successfully nitrified, which with small seedings would prove very refractory. The rapidity of nitrification also depends on the degree of alkalinity of the solution.
The Distribution of the Nitrifying Organism in the Soil. Three series of experiments have been made on the distribution of the nitrifying organism in the clay soil and subsoil at Rothamsted. Advantage was taken of the fact that deep pits had been dug in one of the experimental fields for the purpose of obtaining samples of the soil and subsoil.
Raising sewage to the boiling-point entirely prevents its undergoing nitrification. The heating of soil to the same temperature effectually destroys its nitrifying power.
"Entirely different," Percy replied, "and there are three distinct kinds, one for each of the three steps in the process. "The first may be called ammonia bacteria. They have power to convert organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen; that is, into the compound of nitrogen and hydrogen; and this step in the process is called ammonification. "The other two kinds are the true nitrifying bacteria.
I am glad that the nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria do business chicfly in the surface soil, because we are not prepared to correct the acidity to any very great depth. Second year Part oats or barley, part cowpeas or soy beans. Third year Wheat. Fourth year Clover, or clover and timothy. Fifth year Wheat, or clover and timothy. Sixth year Clover, or clover and timothy.
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