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Updated: October 5, 2025
Melania turritissima, Forbes. a. Fragment of carapace of Trionyx. b. c. Bulimus ellipticus, Sowerby. Helix occlusa, Edwards. Paludina orbicularis. Planorbis discus, Edwards. Lymnea longiscata, Brand. Chara tuberculata, seed-vessel. d.
In the southern states of America there is reason to suppose that since the glacial period there has been a great variation in the species of the fresh-water mollusk genus Melania, and in different rivers there are distinct groups of species.
The Melania Paludina in the same way retires during the droughts into the muddy soil of the rice lands; and it can only be by such an instinct that this and other mollusca are preserved when the tanks evaporate, to re-appear in full growth and vigour immediately on the return of the rains. Edgar S. Layard, when holding a judicial office at Point Pedro in 1849.
In the right-hand top pocket of the waistcoat was a neat silver cigarette case, perfectly plain, containing half a dozen cigarettes. I took one out and looked at it. It was a Melania, a cigarette I happen to know for they stock them at one of my clubs, the Dionysus, and it chances to be the only place in London where you can get the brand. It looked as if my unknown friend had come from London.
The Osborne beds are distinguished by peculiar species of Paludina, Melania, and Melanopsis, as also of Cypris and the seeds of Chara. These beds are seen both in Whitecliff Bay, Headon Hill, and Alum Bay, or at the east and west extremities of the Isle of Wight. The upper and lower portions are fresh-water, and the middle of mixed origin, sometimes brackish and marine.
Next in succession is the Middle Purbeck, about thirty feet thick, the uppermost part of which consists of fresh-water limestone, with cyprides, turtles, and fish, of different species from those in the preceding strata. Below the limestone are brackish-water beds full of Cyrena, and traversed by bands abounding in Corbula and Melania.
There were signs of its having been recently occupied, the walls and roof were blackened with smoke, and numerous shells of the common fresh-water melania were lying about. We were told that the Indians when travelling used it, and that during the last revolution the inhabitants of San Rafael hid their valuables in it, though what they consisted of I am at a loss to say.
Now, as none of these last, or the unimuscular bivalves, are fresh-water, we may at once presume a deposit containing any of them to be marine. Planorbis euomphalus, Sowerby; fossil. Limnaea longiscala, Brongniart; fossil. Paludina lenta, Brand.; fossil. Succinea amphibia, Drap. Valvata piscinalis, Mull.; fossil. Physa hypnorum, Linne; recent. Auricula; recent. Melania inquinata, Def.
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