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The extent and accuracy of the knowledge possessed by Hippocrates on the subject of congenital dislocations have excited the admiration of modern writers, and until a comparatively recent time examples of certain of the luxations described by him had not been recorded.
Reduction of the luxation is effected by making use of the same general principles that are employed in the reduction of all luxations, and they are the control of the animal so that the manipulations of the operator are not antagonized by muscular contraction, which is best accomplished by anesthesia; placing the luxated bones in the position which they have taken to become unjointed; and then making use of force which is directed in a manner opposite to that which has effected the luxation.
The machis are a superstitious class, or pretenders to sorcery, and allege that all diseases proceed from witchcraft, and pretend therefore to cure them by supernatural means, for which reason they are employed in desperate cases, when the exertions of the ampives and vileus have proved ineffectual; They have likewise a kind of surgeons, called gutarve; who are skilful in replacing luxations, setting fractured bones, and curing wounds and ulcers.
He advises tracheotomy whenever there is great difficulty of respiration, and describes how it should be done. After the dyspnea has passed the edges of the wound should be brought together with sutures. It is not surprising, then, to find that the treatment of fractures and luxations is eminently practical, and, indeed, on any subject that he touches he throws practical light.
Scapulohumeral arthritis may result then from infections, local or metastatic; from injuries, such as contusions of various kinds; from wounds, which break the surface structure or perforate the joint capsule; or from luxations. Infectious Arthritis.
Because of the large humeral head articulating as it does with a glenoid cavity, scapulohumeral luxations are very rare in the horse. According to Moller , luxation is generally due to excessive flexion of the scapulohumeral joint. In such cases the head of the humerus is displaced anterior to the articular portion of the scapula and remains so fixed. Symptoms.
Tenotomy is not of practical benefit unless ample time is allowed for regeneration of divided tendinous tissue. Fracture and Luxation of the Carpal Bones. Etiology and Occurrence. Luxations of the carpal joint are of rare occurrence, and very few cases of this kind are on record.
Luxations may be practically classified as temporary and fixed. In temporary luxations, disarticulation is but momentary and spontaneous reposition always results; while a fixed luxation does not reduce spontaneously but remains luxated until reposition is effected by proper manipulation and treatment.
All dislocations, luxations and subluxations of bones and ligaments should be corrected by expert manipulation. Manipulative treatment adjusts the lesions of the spine and other bony structures, thus removing abnormal pressure upon the nerves and blood vessels and establishing a free and abundant flow of nerve and blood currents.
Luxations attending some cases of influenza recover promptly when subjects are kept comfortably confined in roomy box-stalls. The administration of stimulative medicaments such as nux vomica and the application of an active blistering agent to the patella serve to hasten recovery. Dislocations in such cases are often bilateral and they are usually momentary.
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