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Updated: June 28, 2025
There was fighting up the street of the village, and a struggle in the space where Rinaldo had fallen; successive yellowish shots under the rising moonlight, cries from Italian lips, quick words of command from German in Italian, and one sturdy bull's roar of a voice that called across the tumult to the Austro-Italian soldiery, "Venite fratelli! come, brothers, come under our banner!"
With the beginning of fall and the slowing down of the Italian drive against Trieste after the capture of Goritz, activities on the various parts of the Austro-Italian front were reduced almost exclusively to artillery duels. Occasionally attacks of small bodies of infantry were made on both sides.
When hostilities began on the Austro-Italian frontier the stroke of the fateful hour found Italy prepared to the last button and the last man. An organization that was the fruit of years of toil had been built up, ready for action on any frontier. That such action would be first needed on the frontier of a former ally could not have been foreseen.
A retrospect of the Austro-Italian struggle, taken from the vantage point afforded by nine months of fighting, revealed what was intended to be a campaign of invasion as developing all the characteristics of trench warfare.
Much of the fighting on the Austro-Italian front which has been narrated in the preceding pages has been going on in territory with which comparatively few are acquainted. A great part of the front is located in those parts of northern Italy and the Austrian Tyrol and Trentino which for generations have been known and admired all over the world for their scenic beauty and natural grandeur.
During the greatest part of both the Austro-Hungarian drive and the Italian counteroffensive in the Trentino May to July, 1916 operations along the rest of the Austro-Italian fronts on the northwestern frontier of Tyrol, along the Boite River in the northeastern Dolomites, in the Carnic and Julian Alps, and on the Isonzo front were practically restricted to artillery duels.
"Here, as there, every yard is held and guarded. It is true that there is not a continuous row of sentries; for on the Austro-Italian front there are places where the natural barriers are impassable even for the Alpine troops, who will climb to the aerie of the eagles.
Early in the morning of September 23, 1916, the entire summit was blown up by an Austrian mine and the entire Italian force of about 500 men was either killed or captured. During the first half of October, 1916, activities on the Austro-Italian front presented much the same picture as during the preceding month.
THE BRITISH NAVY, Sir Thomas Brassey, 1884. THE TORPEDO IN PEACE AND WAR, F. T. Jane, 1898. SUBMARINE WARFARE, H. C. Fyfe, 1902. THE SUBMARINE IN WAR AND PEACE, Simon Lake, 1918. FOUR MODERN NAVAL CAMPAIGNS, Lissa, W. L. Clowes, 1902. THE AUSTRO-ITALIAN NAVAL WAR, Journal of the United Service Institution, Vol. XI, pp. 104ff.
To emphasise the principle of the covering squadron, these two cases may be contrasted with the Lissa episode at the end of the Austro-Italian War of 1866. In that case it was entirely neglected, with disastrous results.
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