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Updated: June 26, 2025
He had already written occasionally for one of the leading periodicals, and now he became a regular contributor. His stock of positive knowledge was not very large, but he had the power of writing fluently and of making his readers believe that he had an unlimited store of political wisdom which the Press-censure prevented him from publishing.
In spite of the Press-censure a large section of the educated classes had become acquainted with the political literature of France and Germany, and had imbibed therefrom an unbounded admiration for Constitutional government. A Constitution, it was thought, would necessarily remove all political evils and create something like a political Millennium.
Besides this, the reactionary currents were making themselves felt, especially since the attempt on the life of the Emperor. So long as these had been confined to the official world they had not much affected the literature, except externally through the Press-censure, but when they permeated the reading public their influence was much stronger.
It did not appear, indeed, in the printed literature, for the Press-censure had been recently organised on the principles laid down by Metternich, but it was none the less violent on that account.
Count Tolstoy's educational reform had one effect which was not anticipated: it brought the revolutionists into closer contact with Western Socialism. Many students, finding their position in Russia uncomfortable, determined to go abroad and continue their studies in foreign universities, where they would be free from the inconveniences of police supervision and Press-censure.
The Reform-enthusiasm Becomes Unpractical and Culminates in Nihilism Nihilism, the Distorted Reflection of Academic Western Socialism Russia Well Prepared for Reception of Ultra-Socialist Virus Social Reorganisation According to Latest Results of Science Positivist Theory Leniency of Press-censure Chief Representatives of New Movement Government Becomes Alarmed Repressive Measures Reaction in the Public The Term Nihilist Invented The Nihilist and His Theory Further Repressive Measures Attitude of Landed Proprietors Foundation of a Liberal Party Liberalism Checked by Polish Insurrection Practical Reform Continued An Attempt at Regicide Forms a Turning-point of Government's Policy Change in Educational System Decline of Nihilism.
The Kolokol, a Russian revolutionary paper published in London by Herzen and strictly prohibited by the Press-censure, found its way in large quantities into the country, and, as is recorded in an earlier chapter, was read by thousands, including the higher officials and the Emperor himself, who found it regularly on his writing-table, laid there by some unknown hand. In St.
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