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Updated: May 5, 2025
I joined Bonaparte at Leoben on the 19th of April, the day after the signature of the preliminaries of peace. These preliminaries resembled in no respect the definitive treaty of Campo Formio. The still incomplete fall of the State of Venice did not at that time present an available prey for partition. All was arranged afterwards.
It was the Comte de Merfeld who sixteen years previously had come to ask General Bonaparte, then the commander of the army in Italy, for the armistice of Léoben. It was he who had brought back to Vienna the peace treaty concluded between the Austrian government and the Directorate, represented by General Bonaparte.
The King assured him that the enemy had suffered enormous losses. Then, the dreary walk ended, the Emperor shut himself in his tent. His resolve was taken. He would try fortune once more. Among the prisoners was the Austrian General Merveldt, over whom Napoleon had gained his first diplomatic triumph, that at Leoben.
The Preliminaries of Peace Leoben. Austrian Plans for the Last Italian Campaign The Battle on the Tagliamento Retreat of the Archduke Charles Bonaparte's Proclamation to the Carinthians Joubert Withdraws from the Tyrol Bonaparte's "Philosophical" Letter His Situation at Leoben The Negotiations for Peace Character of the Treaty Bonaparte's Rude Diplomacy French Successes on the Rhine Plots of the Directory The Uprising of Venetia War with Venice.
From this time on for nearly a year Napoleon's career was a succession of victories. He invaded the Papal States, and acquired millions of francs and hundreds of pictures. He chastised all who opposed his sway, and, after pursuing the Austrians as far as Leoben, within sight of Vienna, he humbled the haughty Emperor Joseph.
The risings, though numerous, were eventually quelled, but the effect on the English people was magical. Left without an ally by the death of Catherine, the temporizing of Paul, and his leaning to the Prussian policy of neutrality, facts mirrored in the preliminaries of Leoben, their government made overtures for peace.
I passed through Verona on the 16th of April, the eve of the signature of the preliminaries of Leoben and of the revolt of Verona. Easter Sunday was the day which the ministers of Jesus Christ selected for preaching "that it was lawful, and even meritorious, to kill Jacobins." Death to Frenchmen! Death to Jacobins! as they called all the French, were their rallying cries.
Signature of the preliminaries of peace Fall of Venice My arrival and reception at Leoben Bonaparte wishes to pursue his success The Directory opposes him He wishes to advance on Vienna Movement of the army of the Sombre-et-Mouse Bonaparte's dissatisfaction Arrival at Milan We take up our residence at Montebello Napoleon's judgment respecting Dandolo and Melzi.
Wernek, attempting with merely twenty-two thousand men to obstruct the advance of an army of sixty-five thousand French under Hoche, was defeated at Neuwied and deprived of his command. Sztarray, who charged seven times at the head of his men, was also beaten by Moreau at Kehl and Diersheim. At this conjuncture, the armistice of Leoben was published.
It would have been hard for the Directory at this time to have pleased Buonaparte, or for Buonaparte to have entirely satisfied them; but neither party made the effort. The fall of Venice, however, gave Napoleon the means, which he was not disposed to neglect, of bringing his treaty with Austria to a more satisfactory conclusion than had been indicated in the preliminaries of Leoben.
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